Characters of Color in SF/F

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Shweta

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Pulled over from the gender balance thread (hope that's okay), because this is a Real Issue.

The whole issue is tricky, right? Probably more than half of the writers out there are female, but a tiny minority is anything other than [English or American or Canadian] white. And with the best of intentions, you can come off as culturally imperialist if you try for a character of color. Especially if you're writing in a pre- or postcolonial environment and have mainly colonial sources to go by.

And then there are the groups who don't want outsiders touching 'their' stories at all.

I've talked to a number of thoughtful white writers who didn't want to push buttons without enough knowledge. And I personally am kinda wary about writing about comunities I don't know about or have resources in. But there is such a wealth of story and history and myth to draw on if you look beyond GenericFantasyland pseudo-medieval Europe.

And that's good for us, as aspiring writers, who want to be doing something different. As well as being, y'know, highly socially relevant.

Race inequality in sf/f is even bigger than gender inequality; U. Le Guin made big waves because her protagonists were people of color.

And then they turned Earthsea into movies with... white people.
Repeatedly.

Nowadays it is still not very often that we find MCs of color.

There are writers and characters of color out there, but like convincing women they're hard to find. However, there is hope. The Carl Brandon Society exists for

...increasing the awareness and representation of people of color in the genres and in the community. This request was incited by an article written by Samuel R. Delany: "Racism and Science Fiction" in the New York Review of Science Fiction (August 1998, volume 10 issue 12). This essay was recently republished in the anthology Dark Matter, edited by Sheree R. Thomas. It is available at most bookstores.

This society gives awards not only to people of color but also to writers of any ethnic group who write about characters of color. So their list of winners is probably a good place to look for sf/f stories involving non-white characters.

Sometimes I have people of color in my worlds. But frankly that has been done for a long time--since Le Guin did it decades ago--and I don't think it adds much one way or the other.

Perhaps I misunderstand you. It seems I've done it before.

...You don't really mean, do you, that the wealth of story and culture that's out there and isn't Eurocentric... doesn't add much? You might just mean, I guess, that adding in different colors to your characters' palettes doesn't add much. Like changing what they wear, or whatever.

But it does change how people look at one another, and that's... a hugely socially and culturally relevant thing at this point. And I would guess that in a society where everyone looks the same, they'd use other things to split apart and fight over. So the effects are still important, whether or not the cause is skin color.

One example of social relevance/blindness in the field is that we almost never see interracial relationships in sf/f (again, hats off to Bujold for proving an exception). Inter-species relationships are more common and less weird, somehow. This seems really really wrong to me.


About the race thing...I sold a short story this past spring with a black MC. The thing is, she didn't describe herself as black, she just mentioned that the other character in the story was a white boy. The editor asked me what race she was, asked me to put a mentiion of it in early, and finally just had me take out the reference to race entirely, because it "wasn't important."

:Jaw:
I do wonder what the CB Society would make of that.

THat was one of the reasons I liked "Anansi Boys" so much. Also, Octavia Butler's novels were a welcomed respite from the uber whiteness of so many sci-fi/fantasy novels.

*heart Butler*
I still have to read Anansi Boys. I'm looking forward to it.

Has anyone read Nalo Hopkinson? I just read a short story of hers - wonderful. But I bogged down majorly in one of her novels. Might need to try it again, but I was wondering.

Doodlebug said:
Beyond that, I think it depends on the world you are writing about whether or not skin color is an issue the way it is here on planet Earth in 2007. For example, in the world I use, people are not divided up by skin color. Race is dependent on those who cast magic and those who do not (dark-skinned magic casters would trump white, non-magic casters every time). In my books, there are many issues of inequality, racism, even aparthied, but skin color has nothing to do with it.

This sounds very cool to me. And yeah, we write in genres deeply rooted in parable; why would we need to play with skin color literally*? But cultural differences/clashes and the subjugation of cultures by others, and the way in which people deal with and are shaped by these things...

Well, I'm getting somewhat bored with stories that pretend none of this happens. They seem to me, increasingly, to be set in Suburbia.

The only thing I find worse than that is the token Wise Black/Native-American/Indian Plot Device :D

* Which isn't to say I think we shouldn't, just that there's no reason to be restricted to it.
 

JoNightshade

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The kind of sci fi I like to read is set so far in the future racial issues are moot. IE, it's usually humans against aliens, or humans are so mixed that racial stuff doesn't come into play. In that case characters can be whatever they like. I've read that people tend to imagine the MC looking like they do. I think this is true in a lot of sci fi-- unless the MC is explicitly described, it's easy to picture them having the hair and eye color that you have (or would prefer to have).
 

Gray Rose

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Originally Posted by J. R. Tomlin
Sometimes I have people of color in my worlds. But frankly that has been done for a long time--since Le Guin did it decades ago--and I don't think it adds much one way or the other.


Moreover, it assumes that the default is white, and persons of color are added to this as an afterthought. Just as males are not the default gender, white is not the default color.




I've talked to a number of thoughtful white writers who didn't want to push buttons without enough knowledge. And I personally am kinda wary about writing about comunities I don't know about or have resources in.

Not being a person of color myself, I will never presume to write about persons of color on this planet. But I have been an outsider in three cultures / countries, and I know intimately what being an "Other" means (plus I do my homework). This, I think, gives me a sufficient basis to talk about people of different color in my novels, which do not happen on planet Earth. When cultures and looks are sufficiently different, hate or at least misunderstanding emerges.

And this kind of world-building is what's so great about fantasy.
 

Shweta

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The kind of sci fi I like to read is set so far in the future racial issues are moot.

This assumes, of course, that racial or analogous issues will ever be moot.

One of the things I love about Bujold (this is me on a major Bujold love trip here, I know) but I must point out her character names in the Barrayar universe. They imply cultural histories in a most wonderfully mixed-up way.

I do wonder/worry about the idea that people project themselves visually onto characters. Yes, okay, sometimes they do; but how much of that is because most MCs look like your average reader's ideal? And what does that make people like me, in a world where most MCs are not Indian girls? I think it reinforces the "default" sort of thinkingm and some of us get defaulted out of existence. I know I was in college before my self-portraits had brown skin, for cryin' out loud.

It is not healthy.

And reading is an imaginative experience. I suspect if there are a variety of different types of characters, people will adapt. People in the minorities already have. It suggests that everyone else will too, if we don't keep ourselves bound by the current norms.

[/i]
Moreover, it assumes that the default is white, and persons of color are added to this as an afterthought. Just as males are not the default gender, white is not the default color.

Only it is, in movies and books.

Not being a person of color myself, I will never presume to write about persons of color on this planet. But I have been an outsider in three cultures / countries, and I know intimately what being an "Other" means (plus I do my homework). This, I think, gives me a sufficient basis to talk about people of different color in my novels, which do not happen on planet Earth. When cultures and looks are sufficiently different, hate or at least misunderstanding emerges.

This gets into the issue of where we draw the line of writing what we know. Taken to its logical extreme, that means we can only write about people exactly like us?

I'd personally like to see more white writers (who do their homework) feeling able to (respectfully) dip into the story pot of other cultures and colors. I don't know if I'm out of line there, though.

But like, suppose you wrote historical fantasy. And suppose, like in Kara Dalkey's wonderful Blood of the Goddess trilogy, you set it in India in ( think) the 1500s. You know as much or as little as I do about that period of Indian history, and I'd have to do as much research as you would to get it right. Do I have some kind of 'right' to write that story that you don't? I don't think so! And I'm very glad that Kara Dalkey did.
 
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TheIT

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Originally Posted by Saanen
About the race thing...I sold a short story this past spring with a black MC. The thing is, she didn't describe herself as black, she just mentioned that the other character in the story was a white boy. The editor asked me what race she was, asked me to put a mentiion of it in early, and finally just had me take out the reference to race entirely, because it "wasn't important."

Shweta, let me put a different spin on this. My interpretation is that the agent did not mean "race is not important". I'm reading this as "race was not important to the story being told". If the race of the characters doesn't matter to the story, then why include any identification of race at all? If pulling out a passing reference to race did not affect the story, then leaving it in might have been jarring to the reader.

Much of the writing advice I've seen about describing characters leans towards a "less is more" school of thought. If the author does not specifically tag a character with a race or physical description, then readers have more freedom to imagine the character in a way which suits their experience. A white reader might imagine a white character, while a black reader might imagine a black character, and so on. As long as the reader enjoys the story, does it matter that different readers put different physical characteristics on the characters?
 

edgyllama

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Much of the writing advice I've seen about describing characters leans towards a "less is more" school of thought. If the author does not specifically tag a character with a race or physical description, then readers have more freedom to imagine the character in a way which suits their experience. A white reader might imagine a white character, while a black reader might imagine a black character, and so on. As long as the reader enjoys the story, does it matter that different readers put different physical characteristics on the characters?

Interesting. When I read, I never really think about the character's color, unless the story revolves around that fact. But when I write I do point out different colors. Interesting.
 

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It matters to persons of color that as SF/F fans they mostly get to read about white people. Just as it matters to women who do not want to read all-male SF/F books. There was a great article out there somewhere about this, I'll try to locate it.
 

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The kind of sci fi I like to read is set so far in the future racial issues are moot.

I disagree that it'll be rendered moot over time.

After all, the races occurred because of natural variation in terrain and diet and the like.

White, for example, is an evolutionary variation. For bonus points, explain why, then explain why Inuit doesn't share the same variation.

Far future doesn't mean evolution won't occur. We may see different racial tendencies in the far future, but I don't believe we'll ever settle down on some mocha-only mix.
 

NicoleMD

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Shweta, let me put a different spin on this. My interpretation is that the agent did not mean "race is not important". I'm reading this as "race was not important to the story being told". If the race of the characters doesn't matter to the story, then why include any identification of race at all? If pulling out a passing reference to race did not affect the story, then leaving it in might have been jarring to the reader.

I've struggled with this, too. I have an alternate history with a white MC and his best friend is black, but I never explicitly mention it. In this story it's all about social class and race plays a very limited role in the society.

If I mention one person's race, wouldn't it be necessary to mention everyone's? Is there a more tactful way to do this? I wouldn't introduce someone as my black/white/indian friend in real life.

Nicole
 

dolores haze

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Anyone read Octavia Butler? Characters of every race and species. Great plots and character studies. Wonderful writer, and plenty of controversy surrounding her more "out there" stuff.
Octavia Butler, RIP.
 

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I'd personally like to see more white writers (who do their homework) feeling able to (respectfully) dip into the story pot of other cultures and colors. I don't know if I'm out of line there, though.

I'd like to feel like I'd accomplished this. I haven't yet, though.
 

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I'm reading this as "race was not important to the story being told".

Oh--yes, I should have made that clearer in my original post. It's not that the editor thought it wasn't an important issue, but it was a non-issue in that particular story. What bothered me, though, is the implication that if race isn't an issue, the story shouldn't have non-white people in it. I don't agree. Relegating minority characters to stories where being a minority character is The Big Theme is another way of keeping minorities segregated.

I think the editor was most bothered because I didn't come out and tell readers that the character was black. But it was told in first person from her POV, and since the character thought of her race as "default," there was no need for her to describe herself as black. She described the other character as white. If the roles had been reversed--a white MC describing the other character as black--I guarantee you that the editor would never have mentioned it.
 

Shweta

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If pulling out a passing reference to race did not affect the story, then leaving it in might have been jarring to the reader.

Because of the reader's assumptions.
I don't see that there is anything wrong with challenging reader's assumptions; it's hard to do, but it's one of the things that makes our tiring, anxious, thankless choice of profession worthwhile.

If the author does not specifically tag a character with a race or physical description, then readers have more freedom to imagine the character in a way which suits their experience. A white reader might imagine a white character, while a black reader might imagine a black character, and so on.

Yes but you see.. that's not what happens. What happens is people imagine the default (I can almost certainly round up studies on this, if it's important enough for me to put the time in). So yes, the people who belong to the majority/privileged group get to see themselves in the protagonist, but that's not true of everyone.

Sometimes, those of us stuck in a minority end up assuming that people like us can't be MCs, and imagining everyone as pretty tall blonde white kids. Or you get the girls who imagine themselves as boys because only boys get to have adventures.

And to boot, some of us end up hating ourselves for not conforming to the default.

Or you get the men who think women are an alien species because they've never been put in a situation where they imagined themselves in a woman's shoes. And so forth. It hurts everyone.

I think it's important to challenge the default, here, so long as it's done in a sane manner. But I'm not sure what a sane manner is, and I'm not sure I'm right, either. I have very strong feelings on this one, and that might be interfering with how I think.
 

TheIT

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I think it's important to challenge the default, here, so long as it's done in a sane manner.

I agree completely with this sentiment (and I'm not quite sure of the definition of sane, either ;)). Challenging the default is one of the main purposes of speculative fiction.
 

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White, for example, is an evolutionary variation. For bonus points, explain why, then explain why Inuit doesn't share the same variation.

It's a result of the amount of damaging sunlight in the area, right? Melanin in the skin is basically sunscreen. People with very dark skin who move to less sunny parts of the world are high risks for developing vitamin D deficiency diseases like rickets.

At least, I think I'm right. And I'd guess that the Inuit have to shield their skin against reflected sunlight from snow.

Anyway, I think we're lucky as SF/fantasy writers, because we can address race issues with intelligent non-human species. That gives us a broader palette (so to speak) while defusing arguments of "but you're not black/white/etc. so you can't write about those issues properly!" and reducing knee-jerk reactions to issues that are unfortunately still touchy in current society.

I've got five different species in my WIP, with skin tones ranging from warm brown (satyrs) to very pale (vampires). It's fascinating having them interact, particularly since I've also got cultural differences that are frequently extreme. Satyrs, for instance, don't wear clothes at all, and I've just introduced a female satyr character into a high court of elves, who are politely scandalized (it's okay, though--that character has an ego the size of the universe and loves attracting attention).
 

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It's a result of the amount of damaging sunlight in the area, right? Melanin in the skin is basically sunscreen. People with very dark skin who move to less sunny parts of the world are high risks for developing vitamin D deficiency diseases like rickets.

At least, I think I'm right. And I'd guess that the Inuit have to shield their skin against reflected sunlight from snow.

You get 1/2 credit.

Whites developed white skin to allow the ultraviolet in for the vitamin D synthesis. Correct.

Inuit have dark skin because they get sufficient vitamin D from the high-fish diet and thus didn't need to synthesize vitamin D through ultraviolet.
 

Saanen

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Ah, thanks--I didn't know that about the Inuit. That's interesting!
 

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I dont have a problem with writing about other races--or skin colors. It all comes down to telling a good story.
 

LisaHy

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After all, the races occurred because of natural variation in terrain and diet and the like.

White, for example, is an evolutionary variation. For bonus points, explain why, then explain why Inuit doesn't share the same variation.

Far future doesn't mean evolution won't occur. We may see different racial tendencies in the far future, but I don't believe we'll ever settle down on some mocha-only mix.

'White' folk come from the old European stock, who lived in the far northern reaches for a long long time. The loss of melanin was an evolutionary necessity to allow more light to be absorbed through the skin to create Vitamin D. Look at your traditional Scandinavian - pale skin, blond hair. Why don't Inuits become paler? Because they haven't been in that environment for as long. They also get a lot of their vitamin D from their traditional diet. Forgive the over simplication but I'm really tired.

But the factors of evolution calling for the differing levels of melanin, or anything else for that matter, are no longer imperitive. We no longer adapt to our environs. We adapt our changing environs to suit us. Global warming might be upon us, but we're not going to stand around and wait for survival of the fitest to cull out those who can't live in the new conditions. We've evolved into a socially aware consciousness where it's survival for all, not just the ones with the lucky mutations.

Cheers, Lisa.

Edited to add that I was typing while Deirdre was giving the answer.
 

Shweta

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Well, except that not everyone survives to breed now either.
I almost certainly won't. Breed, that is. I hope to survive a bit longer.

There are still evolutionary pressures, and if people go out and colonize other planets there will be huge evolutionary pressures. So there will still be speciation. Even without that, there will be variation, and variation creates social pressures.

And if there is some kind of global mesh culture, I don't think it'll be Euro the way a lot of space opera chooses to portray it. I'd love to see a homogenous human race which has a blended cultural background. I tend not to see it though.
 

LisaHy

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But evolutionary changes take ridiculously long amounts of time to occur. I don't read a lot of sci-fi about the colonisation of other planets or big battles with aliens, but from the general idea I get, they don't take place so far in the future as to have allowed for great evolutionary leaps.

I believe that any 'genetic' change caused by colonising other planets or extended stays in space will come through medical advances before they come through natural evolution.

And Shweta, I do hope you survive for a long time yet...

Cheers, Lisa.
 

Shweta

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But evolutionary changes take ridiculously long amounts of time to occur. I don't read a lot of sci-fi about the colonisation of other planets or big battles with aliens, but from the general idea I get, they don't take place so far in the future as to have allowed for great evolutionary leaps.

Some are near-future, but some are *mumble* years in the future, and you can see some evolutionary... well... phenotypic... changes in a fairly short period of time. As I understand it.

I believe that any 'genetic' change caused by colonising other planets or extended stays in space will come through medical advances before they come through natural evolution.

Ooh. I like this idea. Has it been done?

And Shweta, I do hope you survive for a long time yet...
Heh, me too :D
 

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It is not healthy.This gets into the issue of where we draw the line of writing what we know. Taken to its logical extreme, that means we can only write about people exactly like us?

I'd personally like to see more white writers (who do their homework) feeling able to (respectfully) dip into the story pot of other cultures and colors. I don't know if I'm out of line there, though.

Totally agree! After all, Tolstoy wrote "Anna Karenina". I doubt that "Alexander Karenina" would have been as good ;)

I loved Susannah Clarke's character of Stephen Black. I think she did the man justice.
 

LisaHy

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Ooh. I like this idea. Has it been done?

Bugger! Me and my friggin big mouth. No, it's not done... yet. (disclaimer - that I know of. I've already admitted to knowing very little about this genre, so it's entirely possible that it has been done) It's the basis of a space opera type thing I've had kicking around for years. Where, yes, racial issues are taken into deep space. It's a big old war between those who can trace their family back to Adam and Eve, and those who can only trace it back to a test tube. ;)

Cheers, Lisa.
 
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Shweta

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It's the basis of a space opera type thing I've had kicking around for years. Where, yes, racial issues are taken into deep space. It's a big old war between those who can trace their family back to Adam and Eve, and those who can only trace it back to a test tube.

Oooh. I'll enjoy reading this, I believe.
I love hearding about stuff on these forums that I can look forward to reading :)
 
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