preyer said:
just a quick mention that, indeed, americans are trusted with firearms, provided that they are of legal age, purchase the appropriate license (and are encouraged to take firearms training), and have no felony record.
But they leave 'em lying around and kids get hold of them - as seen yesterday

Here, if people *have* guns they are also required to keep them locked in a secure safe, which is inspected before they can have a gun licence, and afair the ammunition/powder has to be kept separately, also locked (I have friends who target-shoot and who do historical recreation with black powder guns).
It's not that we don't *have* nutters here, you understand - we have plenty. Only in the last couple of days we had a young man shot dead by police marksmen after attacking fellow motorists with a sword, and last year a teenage boy fatally stabbed a classmate and then himself. If they'd had access to guns the death toll would undoubtedly have been far worse.
preyer said:
without being able to cite facts, it's my understanding that in states that have a conceal-and-carry law, allowing citizens to legally carry concealed guns, certain crimes drops quite a bit.
Mmm - but clearly, certain *other* crimes go up
preyer said:
it's not like we execute people overnight. the problem there lies in the fact that our legal system can be terribly out of whack sometimes, there's no denying that. personally, i don't trust our legal system, and i trust even less those who are in a position to change it but see fit to go with the status quo. be that as i may, while it's a given it's not a perfect system, i'm pretty confident those who are executed are 99% of the time guilty of what they are accused of. of course, there are exceptions.
Afair some American legal organization did a survey recently and reckoned that about a third of all executed prisoners (I could be remembering it wrong - it could have been two thirds) were probably innocent. Our legal system's a horrible mess too - there are some UK police forces which are so corrupt they're pretty-much an extension of the criminal classes - but since we don't execute people we usually get to put our mistakes right, eventually.
preyer said:
public executions.... well, at one point, the height of western civilization practiced gladiator games, partially to execute publicly those convicted of crimes and partly to entertain. <SNIP> and therein lies a fallacy of some fantasy writers, i think, those who impose 21st century sets of values on a society of a thousand years ago where otherwise the fictional society mirrors the historical one.
Oh sure, absolutely - but that refers to writing stories with a historical or quasi-historical setting. You asked what people would have in an imagined *ideal* society, where you can have whatever setting you like - and to British eyes the suggestion of public executions automatically labels a society a dystopia.
preyer said:
WH, since your fictional political system clearly has socialistic aspects (need i say don't confuse socialism with communism?), is that system based on your beliefs? that is, would capitalism work there instead, or this that not much of a consideration?
Well, first off, *all* mainstream political parties in the UK, and afaik in the rest of Europe and Australia, including the right-wing ones, support the welfare state and state-funded healthcare: the only debate is over how to pay for it. "Socialist" here means a society in which the major infrastructure (railways, postal service etc.) is state-owned and that doesn't apply to the society I mentioned - they don't even have a state-owned army!
Personally I'm of what here counts as the moderate right, but none of the societies I'm writing about has much to do with what I personally do or do not believe - these people are *aliens.* One of the societies is a brutal sex-and-death-and-pain cult ruled by gang-bosses, one is a collection of little city-states, one is ruled by feuding hereditary warlords, one is ruled by merchant-houses, one is ruled by craft-guilds and ship's captains...
preyer said:
i'm not saying most authors intentionally create propaganda for their own personal beliefs (though, honestly, we all create propaganda to a certain extent and from a certain point of view, don't we?), but, to use you as an example, is the fact that you're from a socialized country (where ever that may be, i'm not sure) have a major influence on your fictional system?
I'm British and we're not particularly socialized - we privatized most of our infrastructure years ago. I don't think my own background influences the stories I write about particularly - especially as my main period of historical interest is the 15th C! - but of course it influences which societies I consider to be reasonable and desirable and ones where I might like to live.
preyer said:
since it sounds on the surface to be a feudal system, and the typical lord's 'method' of collecting money for healthcare is naturally to raise taxes that much more, it sounds like an expensive place to live (as is the case with most socialized countries in real life), would that (in a fictional feudal system) give the peasants, serfs, slaves, etc. reason to attempt a coup?
Well, first off the healthcare in the society I mentioned (which is called Kathry) isn't particularly expensive. Technology is at about 17th C level and there isn't much in the way of expensive treatments or equipment involved, so a stay in hospital only costs about three or four times as much as an equivalent-length stay in an inn.
I'm not sure about "socialized" countries being so expensive to live in anyway. Sweden certainly is said to be - but they do get *very* good services for it. The US seems to have far cheaper electronic goods than we do here but the rents seem to be proportionately higher and healthcare is *enormously* more expensive in the US. I'm not just refering to medical insurance here - I mean the sort of over-the-counter medicines which nearly everyone needs at some point. I was comparing prices with an American friend and she reckoned she would pay $50 for things which here are £4.50 (about $8). Medical equipment available to the public, such as nebulizers and TENS machines, seems to be more than three times dearer in the US compared with the UK.
preyer said:
and from a practical standpoint, if i'm sick but the next village over has a better 'healthcare system', i.e. they're witchdoctor is better, what's to stop the entire village from flocking there when they're sick, too? and how is *that* lord to pay for it?
The hospitals are not part of any lordship, they are separate organizations, like collectively-owned independent companies. The doctors and other senior staff (it's a bit complicated but they don't have nurses in our sense, just different levels of different specializations of doctor) club together to found a new hospital and thereafter they take a proportionate share of the hospital's earnings, dropping slightly once they've recouped their initial investment. Each hospital is like a village in itself, or a land-locked ship, with the staff living either within the building or very near it (they have to live in easy walking-distance anyway, since there is no fast transport).
It doesn't matter which hospital you go to, the bill goes to your own lord. If there was a good hospital attached to the next village over you would go to that hospital and they'd send the bill to your home. But since transport is difficult and healthcare doesn't vary much anyway (doctors being properly organized and trained from a common body of written knowledge), people go to the nearest hospital, unless they need specialist care which is only available at some more distant site.
preyer said:
or is there official laws stating each lord has to have some healthcare system? what does that entail? most importantly, what's the incentive to have the best system around when it's much easier and profitable to have the *worst*, thereby driving his people into the next town over for cures?
Actually it might be to a lord's advantage to set up a hospital and buy into a share of it. If it was so good that people came to it from other lordships for miles around, then he or she would send the bill to the patients' own lords and take a cut of the proceeds!
preyer said:
from a realistic human standpoint, people aren't going to give up their lands, friends, family, professions, etc., for healthcare unless they desperately need it. that is, healthy people aren't going to pay heavy taxes for something they don't need if they don't have to
But that is precisely what most of Europe does, and has done for most of recorded history. Throughout the Middle Ages and the later so-called "Dark Ages" we had a perfectly good collectively-funded welfare system run by the Catholic (and in Ireland the Celtic) church, which functioned as a state within a state. Everybody knows they pay health taxes because they might need urgent medical care some day, and if they don't then someone else will need it, and mutual support is what society is all about. I don't think I've ever met anybody in my entire life who objected strongly to paying for the health service - though one sometimes reads about such people in the newspapers.
It really, really isn't much of an issue in Europe, so there's no reason to assume it would neccessarily be an issue in an alien society.
[If it helps you to get your head round it, think of it this way: just like you, we have to pay for health insurance, but the government runs the insurance company and that company can't refuse to accept you, or ever refuse to pay out on a claim - right? Because it can't refuse bad risk customers, the company charges a slightly higher premium than it would if it were some nasty cheapskate organization which was going to weasel out of making a payment every chance it got - but you get a pretty good service for the money.]
Taxes in Kathry are raised in various ways, according to local custom. Some lords give out land free but tax the peasants on their profits; some just charge rent for land but the profits are your own; some charge neither rent nor tax but require the peasants to do a certain amount of free work on the lord's land, and the lord finances him or herself by selling the resultant produce.
preyer said:
lords can still be seriously oppressive. if lord A is a horrible jerk, let's say the population flocks to lord B's place. lord B, unable to handle the sudden exodus of people, can't support double the population. land and food become scarce, driving up the price of everything. since occupations are harder to come by, people accept bad jobs for less than what that job is worth just to make *some* money to pay for things they have serious problems paying for things they can barely, if they're lucky, afford. essentially you create an entire poor class.
Well, to begin with if a lord became seriously oppressive he or she could be first fined and then if neccessary arrested and deposed by the elected tier of the government. And if for some reason there was a mass exodus from one lordship - say there was a localized crop-failure - people would spread in all directions and tend to go towards other lordships which had spare capacity to support them, where they would then till extra land and make extra craft products and bring the local lord a nice new crop of taxes. Remember, the populace are the lord's source of income.
If there was a nationwide crop-failure obviously the system would start to break down - but that's true of any society.
preyer said:
you might be able to have a new blacksmith on the other side of town, assuming lord B's population doesn't drive you out of business first. there's a big labour issue there, though: with competition, you have to lower prices sometimes. lower prices means that maybe, just maybe, you're able to sew more dresses. you'll have to to make up the lost profits. but you have to sew so many more dresses that you need a helper, which just eats up your money. hey, at least you don't have to kill yourself working a 100 hours a week: you can work, if you're lucky, no more than you did before those new people came to town. problem is you're making less money for the same amount of work while everyone in town is sporting new dresses. and now you've got employer issues to deal with. and anyone looking to break into that business will very likely be discouraged from doing so given the horrible labour conditions.
These are village-level communities with plenty of potentially fertile land to spare and a low birth-rate (they aren't a very fertile species). If there isn't enough trade to support two blacksmiths (actually brownsmiths - they use bronze, not iron), either they both go part-time or one chucks it altogether, and he/she/they go back to farming.
The towns have the sort of problems you mention but the towns don't usually come within the lordships, and they function as well or ill as 17th-C-level towns anywhere.
preyer said:
the situation really comes to a head concerning food. you just can't double your food output. if you've even got a place to live, prepare to go a little hungry this winter. don't get sick, either, because the witchdoctor is backed up for a month.
These people aren't stupid. If they were going to move to a new lordship they'd tend to do so in the spring so they had time to plant food for the coming year. If their lord went loopy or they were invaded by robber-barons and they had to leave in a hurry, they'd flee to other lordships, and the other lords they had fled to would either band together to sort out the problem themselves or get the top layer of government to do so. They/the government would probably then sell the mad lord's (or the robbers') effects to pay for the expense of having to feed so many extra mouths for three months or whatever. It would be a nuisance but it's unlikely anybody would actually starve.
If you had more sick people in an area than the local hospital could cope with, the less urgent cases would get shunted along to other hospitals - just like we do here in the UK, only at ox-cart pace rather than motorway pace.
Remember that feudal societies come in all different flavours. You do get societies like the Russian boyars who treated their peasants as mere property - but at the other extreme you had the Highland clans. Yes clan chiefs had the power of life and death over their people and some abused it - but most didn't, because the chief and the people were each other's cousins, and the boy (or sometimes girl) who was to be the next chief was fostered out to be raised by a peasant family to strengthen the bond. The laird had a right to call on his clansmen to come and fight and die for him - but if there was a bad harvest he (or she) had to sell the family silver to buy food for the people. This system worked well for a thousand years or more, until changes in fashion led to lairds being raised and educated far away from their clan-kin, breaking the social bonds which had kept the society together.
Kathry is somewhere in between. Like most lords of the manor in historical Britain, the lords regard themselves as a separate class and probably a bit better than their people, but they are raised in the idea of service and responsibility, to their people and to their estate, and mostly try to do a good job. Obviously you get the occasional tearaway who gambles away the estate's capital - but that happens in all societies.
preyer said:
if the ideal society has public executions thing is an american/european nazi statement (i know you didn't mean to suggest i or americans are nazis), can it be said that there are differences in european and american writing philosophies? in other words, are there cues beyond the obvious 'theatre'/'theater', 'lift/elevator' type of stuff that indicates where an author is from?
Well - it's too broad to say "differences in european and american writing philosophies" because writing philosophies vary considerably between European nations as well, and also I only speak English and *can* only speak for works written in, or translated into, English. For all I know, characteristics which I think of as peculiarly American might be absolutely typical of e.g. Turkish Cypriot novelists. But certainly there are often obvious cultural differences between US and UK writers. Some of these will be far more obvious in books set in contemporary society than they are in SF/Fantasy of course.
Relationships between the sexes/the formal dating game/"girlie" behaviour among females - one can't really imagine The Rules or Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus being written by a British author, although Sex and the City did strike a local chord with a lot of UK viewers I believe. That kind of formal game-playing between the sexes seems very foreign.
Portrayal of women and/or the middle classes as being materialistic, portrayal of wealth as neccessarily conferring high status. The materialist, celebrity-worshipping culture is gradually creeping in over here, but certainly for my generation and older social status tends to depend on education and good taste rather than on wealth. [Or at least, people who have wealth but no education or taste *think* they have high status, but the rest of us sneer at them behind their backs.] Being overtly materialistic and displaying obvious wealth is associated with the sort of people Americans call "white trash." Therefore, sex-and-shopping novels tend to come across as being "American" - even when they aren't!
[Or - working-class people have expensive home-electronics. Middle-class people have tasteful ethnic rugs. Upper-class people have wall-to-wall labradors and muddy boots.]
Extreme interest in the character's physical appearance also tends to feel "American."
Any stories in which people of apparently high status are openly racist or sexist or believe in the death-penalty - we have plenty of people who have such beliefs here but they are beliefs which tend to be associated with the underclass, and people who wish to appear socially acceptable rarely express them openly. If it's a story about an openly racist or sexually opressive society it's probably written by an American - if it's about a society which is officially fair but where there is covert prejudice operating behind the scenes, or where there is open prejudice based only on social class, it's probably British.
Paranoia about the underclass - a large sub-genre of British literature is based around heroes who are junkies or thieves or spend much of the story being sick and I get the impression Americans tend just to see such people as a seething, faceless collective enemy - but I could easily be wrong about that one since my experience of American literature is mainly SF and detective stuff.
Stories in which the protagonists devote a lot of time to being sick (or other less than attractive bodily functions) tend to be British...
Stories which are subtly ironic tend to be British, ones which are full of sparkling wisecracks tend to be American.
Stories which are morose and pessimistic tend to be British, ones which are upbeat and optimistic tend to be American (except Harlan Ellison).
Stories which are gushingly sentimental and/or which talk a lot about patriotism and/or religion (especially Christian religion) in emotive terms are almost always American - stories which are determinedly cynical and snide are usually British (except Harlan Ellison).
Stories which talk about religion at all are usually American - as are nearly all stories in which the MC is a Christian.
Stories in which patriotism, or hunting, are seen as even socially acceptable are usually American.
Stories about weird psychological theories are often American because the theories themselves so often are. [IMO it's to do with the way shrinks are paid - in the US afaik they get paid per case so it's in their interests to keep people in treatment by thinking up exotic problems: here they mostly get paid by the health service, and within extreme limits they get the same money however many patients they see - so it's in their interests to declare people cured and shove them back on the streets even when sometimes they clearly shouldn't be.]
Finally there's a noticeable tendency for US writers to assume that their readers will only be interested in a story if the protagonists are American, so they take stories about heroic deeds peformed by British soldiers and re-write them as if the heroes were American (which causes a great deal of ill-feeling here), or re-write British comedies in an American setting. Whereas we are quite happy to watch American sitcoms, and if somebody wants to make a film about Socrates they don't feel obliged to re-locate it to Wales and change the names.
This may be the reason why US fantasy writers so often set stories in a sort of hybridized neverland which has some sort of European mediaeval culture grafted onto an American eco-system. I'm not sure whether this is laziness, or just because the writers/editors think their readers won't relate to a world which doesn't have maize and chipmunks in it - but it always gives me an uneasy feeling that the Native Americans are being written out of the American subconscious.
Of course British fantasy writers have it much easier because if they are writing about European mediaeval culture it's a lot nearer to home and they *can* set it in Britain without seeming at all odd - but they tend to set stories in a sort of fantasy mainland Europe with bears and so on and assume their readers will enjoy the exoticness, rather than be alienated by it.