Nolita,
The root of ALL music, (popular or classical) is rythem, (percussion) and if the biologists are correct about Africa being the birthplace of humanity, it follows that music would have begun there, but what does that have to do with ANY form of MODERN music, (which is generally recognized as beginning in the 12th and 13th century with the beginnings of music theory).
The first, and simplist, instruments were undoubtedly used in folk, (popular) music as background for a "minstrel's" tales or in church as background for (hymns) but the instruments that Anthony mentioned, (while being part of the Folk tradition) were never accepted as "Orchestral"
In point of fact, Orchestral music was designed to examine the limits of what sounds could be produced by instruments of various timbres and ranges playing together.
Orchestral instruments are generally considered as the following:
The typical symphony orchestra consists of four proportionate groups of similar musical instruments, generally appearing in the musical score in the following order (with proportions indicated):
Woodwinds: piccolo, 2 flutes*, 2 oboes*, English horn, 2 clarinets*, bass clarinet, 2 bassoons*, contrabassoon
Brass: 2* to 8 French horns*, 2* to 5 trumpets*, 2 to 3 trombones, 1 to 2 bass trombones, tuba
Percussion: timpani*, snare drum, bass drum, cymbals, triangle, celesta, etc.
Strings: harp(s), 16 to 30 violins*, 8 to 12 violas*, 8 to 12 violoncellos*, and 5 to 8 double basses*.
Occasionally, an orchestra will feature notable wind ensemble instruments, such as the euphonium, the saxophone, the alto clarinet, and the baritone horn.
Instruments marked with an asterisk are considered the "core" symphonic instruments, and only in rarest of cases are not called for in most symphonic literature. Other instruments listed above are considered "auxiliary" instruments and are less frequently required, but still referred to as "standard". Late 19th century symphonic works calling for all the auxiliary instruments, as well as a large number of strings, usually include the phrase "for large orchestra" in their full titles. Example: Richard Strauss' Ein Heldenlebe.
The so-called "standard complement" of 'double winds and brass' in the orchestra from the first half of the 19th century is generally attributed to the forces called for by Beethoven. With the exception of his Fourth Symphony and Violin Concerto (which specify the singular Flauto)
Additional instruments are not considered standard but are scored occasionally. Examples of these instruments include the saxophone, bass oboe, heckelphone, flugelhorn, cornet, euphonium, glass harmonica, harpsichord, Wagner tuba, accordion, theremin, ondes martenot, mandolin, guitar, sitar, organ, and harmonium.
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The Folk and Classical traditions of Music have about as much in common as Song Lyrics have with Poetry and for the same reasons. The first is meant for Popular consumption, while the latter is intended to examine and push the limits of what can be expressed within the form.
Each has it's own purpose and value in it's own right, and direct comparisons are therefore meaningless as it's much like comparing apples and oranges.
Think about it.
JRH