I was going to attempt to answer your questions, too, as best I can.
Many publishers, particularly the big ones who pay advances, won't consider your book for publication unless you have an agent. Agents agree to sell your book (or try to, anyway) and take 15 percent. This is a good thing because agents can get you a bigger advance.
Queries are mailed or e-mailed to agents or editors, and are a (maddening, infuriating, frustrating, pain in the a**) "sales pitch" for your book. Queries, which take the form of letters - preferably one page - consist of:
- A paragraph that describes your book in an exciting way, using your voice. Sometimes called a "hook." See Miss Snark's blog archives (
http://misssnark.blogspot.com/) and read the 671 crapometer entries to see what kind of things agents look for in a hook.
- A paragraph that describes your writing credentials (publications, awards, contest wins, writing related jobs, etc.). If you don't have writing credentials, don't worry - and you can make your hook two paragraphs instead of one. Woot!
- A closing line that indicated what you're asking from the agent or editor (will you consider representing my book? May I send you my manuscript/partial for review?)
When writing and sending queries, you have to follow the agent's or editor's guidelines. You'll find them on agent and publisher websites, and also on listings such as
www.agentquery.com and Preditors & Editors (
www.anotherealm.com/prededitors).
Always check on the legitimacy of an agency or publisher before you submit a query to them. Check the Bewares & Backgrounds forum here on AW, and also look at Preditors & Editors. Never pay an agent or editor money to review, represent, or publish your material.
Expect rejections. Don't take them personally (you will anyway). Keep querying. In the meantime, write another book.
Hope that helps. Good luck!