I know specifically that the Russian literary tradition, especially romantic tradition, was filled with many fairy-tale poems, some of which written by writers as esteemed as Pushkin and Lermontov. The English tradition seems to pull on biblical sources, and classical sources to create a speculative form of poetry, the best example is the great Romantic poet, William Blake.
The German tradition, I will stick to more modern traditions, also seems to have large speculative features, the best example which comes to mind is Goethe's Erlkonig. Yeats, the famous Irish poet drew and used speculative devices in a large amount of his poetry, his perhaps most famous poem, The Second Coming is a great example of this, as is his only long poem, The Wanderings of Oisin. The American tradition contains many of these things as well, written by poets like Poe (though I think him mediocre), Longfellow, T.S. Eliot, etc.
In fact, one could argue speculative, as you called it, poetry is an older tradition than "mainstream" (I hesitate to use that word, because of the silliness of it) poetry. The first poetry seems to be folkloric orally-passed down stories, which contain "speculative" elements.
Your three criteria seem to be applicable to a great many works in the world's literary tradition, to the point that the label of speculative seems to be ridiculous.
