I don't think that washes. Metal bowls? What kind of metal did they make bowls out of in those days? (12th century, you say?) Metal was valuable. Too valuable to let a prisoner have. If he gets a metal bowl, it will be tin. Or Pewter. Tin is not hard enough to do anything to steel or stone, neither is pewter. People didn't make bowls out of iron until iron casting became economical (not in the 12th century) It is likely that any food he gets was cooked in a pottery bowl, and given to him in either a pottery or wooden bowl. He wouldn't even be given a spoon, probably.
European fun fact; metalworking in the early middle ages was almost exclusively confined to the production of arms and armor and other articles for the nobility. Peasants, for example, had no metal tools, so food production was low. Due to the hostility between peasants and townsmen (churls, varlets, knaves, villains were all names that mean peasant, and now are just considered insulting) No one was willing to work together on this problem.
and he doesn't need to use the other bowl as a hammer; he could just hit it with one of his manacles.
And another thing about metal; if the metal is soft enough to work without heating it, it probably won't be able to do anything to steel or stone.