I think a few of us sci-fi-ers are playing around with spacefrontiers. I know I am.
My first...'Sources' Code', the first thing that happens is one ofmy MC's is 'cowboying' at the periphery when he becomes involved in an alien 'plot'.
A couple of other WIPs I've critted, are also 'frontier-ish' in nature.
The draw, I feel, is putting your characters ( and therefore yourself)on the edge, where rules are vague and you have to sort through the various shades of gray to make your own laws..or enforce the ones you've brought with you.
To me the balance between what a character needs to do to survive 'frontier' life,and what a character needs to do to survive forays from that frontier into the civilized areas is a delicate weave, a dynamic that needs to be explored.
Because, really, the kind of person who choses to live on the edge, or who is forced to the edge and finds themselves not only survivng, but thriving; that kind of person is an interesting character study.
The loner, the outcast, the 'talented' person with a history: the doctor who drinks to forget,the sharp-shooting widow,the girl-dressed-as-a-boy, and the mildly retarded kid (who,amazingly always has the ides to save the day...or because he dies..galvanizes the other folk to action)
They are who we call our 'western' heros, but in reality, you can see variations of them in most of fantasy and sci-fi...in addition to the Western genre.They are moredeveloped in the 'western' than in other fiction I've read, but perhaps that is because the 'western' has been around longer?
But in conclusion, I find myself facinated by the way the Anime/manga writer/artists have found such an organic balance between the classic 'western' and the complexity of eastern thought, and manners, of course.