Copyright Grammar

AZ_Dawn

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No questions this time. I just wanted to share an article with you on the proper use of the word "copyright". I found it amusing for some reason.

The Grammar of Copyright

Plagiarism Today said:
...when it comes to the word “copyright”, grammar can be a funny thing. I’ve seen smart, capable writers mess up the grammar and spelling of that word and use it in ways that they never intended. 


This can be especially embarrassing when trying to make points or state beliefs about copyright. One of the most sure-fire ways to ensure that others fail to take your views seriously on the subject is to not know how to spell it or use it in a sentence.

So, with that in mind, here is a brief guide on how the grammar and spelling of the word copyright so you can avoid many of the pitfalls that others stumble into.
 

Dawnstorm

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Heh, the article itself is grammatically "interesting".

Also unusual about this word is that the past tense of the word. If you say a work is “copyrighted” that means is currently protected by copyright law, not that it is in the public domain.

If you say a work is "copyrighted", you're not using the past tense. You're using a past participle which can either function as an adjective "a copyrighted work", or as part of the passive voice "is copyrighted" (the latter being structurally ambiguous as it could also be an adjective).

However you categorise "is copyrighted", it's the word "is" that takes the tense (present tense) while "copyrighted" remains constant ("is copyrighted", "was copyrighted", "should have been being copyrighted"...)

If you use the past tense of the verb "to copyright", meaning - as the article itself says - "securing a copyright registration from the U.S. Copyright Office", then the verb behaves in exactly the same way as other verbs, such as "walked across the room".

What is true is the act of copyrighting a work results in the work's state of being copyrighted. That is that the particple of the verb can be used adjectivally. The author is correct to point out that it's like "protected", or "entrusted". It's also like "painted" or "broken".

Why would anyone think a copyrighted work is no longer under copyright protection? Do people regularly think that a broken vase is no longer in pieces, because the act of breaking it is in the past?

Basically, the difference between the verbs "to copyright" and "to walk" lies in the way they structure time. "to copyright" has an end-point, a result. Once copyright protection is active the act of copyrighting is finished, and the state of being under copyright protection is in place. "to walk" can - theoretically - go on forever. The end point is not implied in the verb itself. No obvious state that is given a name. Walking across a room certainly has consequences, such as - maybe - dirty footprints. These consequences might lead to a phrase like "the walked-across room," but you won't hear: "This room is walked across," if you're looking at the result; you hear "This room has been walked across" (present perfect, not past tense, by the way - oh, and passive voice, too).

Terms for this differ. One you might hear is that "to copyright" is a resultative verb, while "to walk" isn't. More abstractly, people talk about "telic verbs" (to copyright) vs. "atelic verbs" (to walk). It's a standard feature of lexical semantics and has connections to grammatical aspect (but not tense). It's not, as far as I know, unusual.
 

IceCreamEmpress

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Dawnstorm, why would anyone think that "benefactor" and "beneficiary" were synonyms? Or that "nonplussed" and "unfazed" were synonyms? Yet one sees those errors in the wild frequently, just as one sees the confusion of "copyrighted" with "in the public domain" or "out of copyright."

One of my pet peeves is with the people who believe that the past tense of "copyright" is "copywritten".
 

Dawnstorm

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Dawnstorm, why would anyone think that "benefactor" and "beneficiary" were synonyms? Or that "nonplussed" and "unfazed" were synonyms? Yet one sees those errors in the wild frequently, just as one sees the confusion of "copyrighted" with "in the public domain" or "out of copyright."

One of my pet peeves is with the people who believe that the past tense of "copyright" is "copywritten".

Oh, I don't think that there's a mistake that's impossible to make. Don't get me wrong. And certainly someone who deals with plagiarism on a regular basis, such as - presumably - the writer of this blog ("plagiarism today"), will encounter this usage more often than I would.

My main problem: In contrast to most of your other examples (benefactor/beneficiary is also a bit of a puzzler, but at least I could imagine speaking out of your usual register to be a source), I simply can't see how this can happen. As such, an explanation of an expert would be very interesting, as I'd get new information.

This blog entry? I don't get any examples from the wild, and what he says makes no grammatical sense at all. What, then, should I learn from this paragraph? I admit that I'm surprised at this mistake, but only in a I-should-have-seen-it-coming mistake. What this means: "Copyrighted" means "protected by copyright," not "out of copyright". The grammar talk around it makes little sense to me. Invoking tense is misleading. Claiming that there's anything unusual about "copyrighted" in that respect is sort of but not quite inconsistent with claiming that it's like "protected" or "entrusted". At best it's vague.

For the record, I've actually gone through pages of "copyrighted" google results and couldn't find a single one with the meaning of "out of copyright". (Not that that means anything, except that looking for mistakes is hard and time consuming, which may explain the lack of examples.)

If anyone can make sense of what he says about the mistake other than that it happens, I'd be grateful.

For example: One thing that might make tense relevant is that "is copyrighted" and "was copyrighted" could both refer to the meaning of "is currently under copyright protection", if you view "is copyrighted" as "verb(linking verb) + predicate (adj.)" and "was copyrighted" as "verb (main verb - passive voice construction)".

But I shouldn't have to speculate. (My guess is the blog knows more about copyright than grammar.)