A comma question, and

francist44

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Ok, laugh if you want, but I'm going to ask anyway; comas and, and. What is the norm these days? Speaking fiction if that that matters?
Example:
"Sure, we can do that and later do something else."
or
"Sure, we can do that, and later do something else."

With diaologue I tend use the , before and when I want slight pause. Should I always use it?
 

Devil Ledbetter

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The comma after the and is called the Oxford comma or serial comma, and it's optional.
 

FennelGiraffe

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It depends on what the 'and' is joining.

Nouns:
George and Martha ate lunch. -- no comma
George ate apples and oranges. -- no comma
George, Martha, and I ate lunch. -- the Oxford or serial comma; some people are strongly in favor of it, while others are equally strongly against it
George ate apples, oranges, and bananas -- ditto

Independent clauses:
George ate apples and Martha ate oranges. -- traditionally a comma is required, but contemporary usage favors omitting the comma when the clauses are brief

Compound predicate: (two verbs with the same subject)
George ate apples and drank milk. -- no comma
George ate apples, his favorite fruit, and drank milk. -- In this case a pair of commas sets off 'his favorite fruit'. The fact that the next word happens to be 'and' is irrelevant. However, it's somewhat ambiguous: It could also be a list of three items with an Oxford comma.

Your example, "Sure, we can do that and later do something else." is a compound predicate, so no comma.
 

francist44

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It depends on what the 'and' is joining.

Nouns:
George and Martha ate lunch. -- no comma
George ate apples and oranges. -- no comma
George, Martha, and I ate lunch. -- the Oxford or serial comma; some people are strongly in favor of it, while others are equally strongly against it
George ate apples, oranges, and bananas -- ditto

Independent clauses:
George ate apples and Martha ate oranges. -- traditionally a comma is required, but contemporary usage favors omitting the comma when the clauses are brief

Compound predicate: (two verbs with the same subject)
George ate apples and drank milk. -- no comma
George ate apples, his favorite fruit, and drank milk. -- In this case a pair of commas sets off 'his favorite fruit'. The fact that the next word happens to be 'and' is irrelevant. However, it's somewhat ambiguous: It could also be a list of three items with an Oxford comma.

Your example, "Sure, we can do that and later do something else." is a compound predicate, so no comma.
Ah, now get it; basically, if I omit them I won't get shot, but if I use one incorrectly I may have to hide. Actually, it seems to me, as in the example I highlighted in red, if the sentence needs one, use it.
Thanks everyone.
 

Lil

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The comma after the and is called the Oxford comma or serial comma, and it's optional.

And here I thought the comma after 'and' in a series was called the Harvard comma!

Either way, in a series it is optional. Just be consistent.
 

rainsmom

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"Sure, we can do that and later do something else."
or
"Sure, we can do that, and later do something else."
I wanted to comment on this example specifically, because this is a common, common issue people have.

The first one is correct. The second isn't. The reason is because the sentence is not composed of two independent clauses but, rather, a compound verb. People make this mistake really frequently just because the verb + object clauses can get long.
 

Chase

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Ah, now get it; basically, if I omit them I won't get shot, but if I use one incorrectly I may have to hide. Actually, it seems to me, as in the example I highlighted in red, if the sentence needs one, use it.
Thanks everyone.

Francist,

If the above is relying on Devil and Lil's comments on optional serial commas they are correct in what they stated (except it's before the "and" not after) but completely off on a tangent from what you asked.

FennelGiraffe and Rainsmom gave you correct advice specific to your question. It's not optional in fiction.

"Sure, we can do that and later do something else" is correct, because a main clause does not follow the conjunction.

"Sure, we can do that, and later do something else" is not correct, because there's no main clause after the conjunction.
 
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FennelGiraffe

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George ate apples, his favorite fruit, and drank milk. -- In this case a pair of commas sets off 'his favorite fruit'. The fact that the next word happens to be 'and' is irrelevant. However, it's somewhat ambiguous: It could also be a list of three items with an Oxford comma.

Ah, now get it; basically, if I omit them I won't get shot, but if I use one incorrectly I may have to hide. Actually, it seems to me, as in the example I highlighted in red, if the sentence needs one, use it.
Thanks everyone.

In this example the two commas work together as a pair--a bit like opening and closing parentheses--and their use has nothing at all to do with the next word being 'and'. I included it to illustrate that sometimes what looks like a "comma before 'and'" is something entirely different.
 

Splendad

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In the above example, I think it's important to note that when you see two commas like that, you can usually extract the enclosed statement (while leaving the pre-comma and post-comma statements or frags) and it will make sense. In general, if you remove that enclosed statement or frag and the remaining sentence does not make sense, then you are in serial mode (or a mistaken version of the traditional comma which would need to be fixed). In general. Always exceptions.
 

Nightmirror

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Independent clauses:
George ate apples and Martha ate oranges. -- traditionally a comma is required, but contemporary usage favors omitting the comma when the clauses are brief.

I was wondering why commas aren't being used as commonly as they used to be to separate independent clauses. Thanks for explaining this.
 

Rise2theTop

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Man...did I need this! I just had a HUGE 'argument' with my straight 'A' daughter about this very subject! Whoooooooooooooooooooooooooot!

I win! Graciously, of course, but I sure had a hard time explaining it to her.
She insisted, I mean stomping a foot insisted, a comma was 'required' before the 'and' word if a third verb/noun was in place and I could NOT get her to see why it wasn't always the case. Maybe it was the 'mom' factor playing, I don't know, but you guys bailed me! Big time!

HUGE thanks!
Rise
 
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rainsmom

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Whether or not to use the Oxford/serial comma comes down to what style guide you have to use. Your daughter's school may be using a style guide that requires it. Sentences are *almost* always clearer with the comma than without. IIRC, most style guides prefer it for that reason.

I was wondering why commas aren't being used as commonly as they used to be to separate independent clauses.
Please note that this is true *only* for very short clauses -- and it's not universal. For longer clauses (most sentences), the comma is required, and it is never incorrect.
 

Nightmirror

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Please note that this is true *only* for very short clauses -- and it's not universal. For longer clauses (most sentences), the comma is required, and it is never incorrect.

Thanks for pointing that out. I typically stuck with the comma because 1) I thought you ALWAYS had to have one between independent clauses 2) IMO they look better, and help the reader easily distinguish the separation.
 

Splendad

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The rules are none but an outfit that you place on a King. Consider something like this; the rules state that you do NOT have to put a comma in this sentence: "I like to eat oranges and midgets like to eat donuts." When you read this, the first seven words you read put an unpleasant image into your mind, right? Then you have to "correct" the image as you realize that I do not like to eat midgets, but that midgets like to eat donuts. The question is, really, which rules you will adhere to, bend, or break, in order to give your reader the most desirable path through your story (which is usually the cleanest, clearest path... readers, as you know, get exhausted when they are always having to make mental corrections. A book is supposed to provide an experience, whether for escape or learning, and is not supposed to be hard labor for the mind).
 

Chase

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the rules state that you do NOT have to put a comma in this sentence: "I like to eat oranges and midgets like to eat donuts." When you read this, the first seven words you read put an unpleasant image into your mind, right? Then you have to "correct" the image as you realize that I do not like to eat midgets, but that midgets like to eat donuts. The question is, really, which rules you will adhere to, bend, or break, in order to give your reader the most desirable path through your story

Sorry, Splendad, you built a straw man to attack. The rule for your example sentence is clear and exact: Its sentence construction requires a comma after oranges, because a main clause follows the first main clause. The rule isn't only for trick sentences; it's for ease in reading all compound sentences.
 

Splendad

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Sorry, Splendad, you built a straw man to attack. The rule for your example sentence is clear and exact: Its sentence construction requires a comma after oranges, because a main clause follows the first main clause. The rule isn't only for trick sentences; it's for ease in reading all compound sentences.

Please, please, please (as I have posted in another post this same plea) be CERTAIN somebody is wrong before you tell them they are wrong and, if it isn't too much to ask, whenever you state something as fact, make sure it's right. In this particular example, suffice it to say that "that dog don't hunt."

Chase, see here, rule 14: http://www.grammarbook.com/punctuation/commas.asp which shows how the comma is optional due to both independent clauses being short.

Then go here http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comma and here http://englishplus.com/grammar/00000069.htm and here http://www.google.com/products/cata...log_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CFQQ8wIwAA (hell, just buy it, I say).

The "rules" have changed... gotta keep up.
 

absitinvidia

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George ate apples, his favorite fruit, and drank milk. -- In this case a pair of commas sets off 'his favorite fruit'. The fact that the next word happens to be 'and' is irrelevant. However, it's somewhat ambiguous: It could also be a list of three items with an Oxford comma.


I disagree with this. This is not a list of three items. If you want "his favorite fruit" to refer to a fruit other than apples, then it's still a compound predicate with the first verb, "ate," taking two direct objects (apples, his favorite fruit) and the second verb, "drank," taking one direct object (milk).

You would write it thus:

George ate apples and his favorite fruit and drank milk.
 
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Chase

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Please, please, please (as I have posted in another post this same plea) be CERTAIN somebody is wrong before you tell them they are wrong and, if it isn't too much to ask, whenever you state something as fact, make sure it's right. In this particular example, suffice it to say that "that dog don't hunt."
The "rules" have changed... gotta keep up.

As for being certain, I'm certain the above wordy razzle-dazzle cites a questionable option as the basic rule. Even if one were to accept the on-line source, the two previous rules cite the rules which are always correct, not an option dependent on an arbitrary definition of "short main clauses."

The bogus argument remains a perfect example of the straw man ploy.

Yep, it is a good idea to be certain people are wrong before telling them they are.
 

Jamesaritchie

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You need a comma in this sentence. Pure and simply. This isn't a list. Put in the comma, and save your editor some grief.
 

Splendad

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As for being certain, I'm certain the above wordy razzle-dazzle cites a questionable option as the basic rule. Even if one were to accept the on-line source, the two previous rules cite the rules which are always correct, not an option dependent on an arbitrary definition of "short main clauses."

The bogus argument remains a perfect example of the straw man ploy.

Yep, it is a good idea to be certain people are wrong before telling them they are.

Ok, I'll break it down Barney-style for ya.

First, is it safe to assume by "ploy" that you meant fallacy or did you actually think I set out and designed a ploy of some kind? This is what the straw man fallacy is:

"Straw Man Fallacy Explanation

A straw man argument is one that misrepresents a position in order to make it appear weaker than it actually is, refutes this misrepresentation of the position, and then concludes that the real position has been refuted. This, of course, is a fallacy, because the position that has been claimed to be refuted is different to that which has actually been refuted; the real target of the argument is untouched by it.
Example

(1) Trinitarianism holds that three equals one.
(2) Three does not equal one.
Therefore:
(3) Trinitarianism is false.

This is an example of a straw man argument because its first premise misrepresents trinitarianism, its second premise attacks this misrepresentation of trinitarianism, and its conclusion states that trinitarianism is false. Trinitarianism, of course, does not hold that three equals one, and so this argument demonstrates nothing concerning its truth."


Keeping THAT definition in mind, please, have a look again at what I said and what you responded with. I said:


"The rules are none but an outfit that you place on a King. Consider something like this; the rules state that you do NOT have to put a comma in this sentence: "I like to eat oranges and midgets like to eat donuts." When you read this, the first seven words you read put an unpleasant image into your mind, right? Then you have to "correct" the image as you realize that I do not like to eat midgets, but that midgets like to eat donuts. The question is, really, which rules you will adhere to, bend, or break, in order to give your reader the most desirable path through your story (which is usually the cleanest, clearest path... readers, as you know, get exhausted when they are always having to make mental corrections. A book is supposed to provide an experience, whether for escape or learning, and is not supposed to be hard labor for the mind)."


then you responded:


"Sorry, Splendad, you built a straw man to attack. The rule for your example sentence is clear and exact: Its sentence construction requires a comma after oranges, because a main clause follows the first main clause. The rule isn't only for trick sentences; it's for ease in reading all compound sentences."


First, there is nothing even remotely related to a straw man fallacy in what I said. Seriously.


Secondly, you're just wrong. Do you not want to believe you're wrong? Do you want to believe that, in fact, a comma really is required between two simple independent clauses? Well, there's nothing I can do about that, but I'll be damned if I'll let you mislead writers on this board who are looking for information that they can use and not illusions.

If you're going to tell somebody they are wrong, for GAWD'S sake, be right!

EDIT: Just wanted to add this from http://www.suite101.com/content/punctuating-compound-sentences-a65463:

Also, American and British grammar are moving toward less sentence punctuation (especially in casual, journalism, and internet writing) for easier reading. For short compound sentences that cannot be misunderstood, omitting the comma is okay. This is especially true in cases where the first clause of the compound sentence is short.
CORRECT:
Jamal threw a snowball at me but I ducked in time.
Jonah gathered his books but the bus had already left by the time he reached the bus stop.
INCORRECT:
Jamal threw a snowball at me from the fort in the front of the yard but I ducked in time.
The first part of the above compound sentence does not reach the conjunction until almost the end of the sentence, so a comma should be used before but.
Use your own judgment when writing compound sentences, and if in doubt of whether a sentence should include a comma with the conjunction, include the comma. It is rare that a true compound sentence could be considered incorrect with a comma before the conjunction.

Read more at Suite101: Punctuating Compound Sentences: How to Properly Use Commas and Conjunctions http://www.suite101.com/content/punctuating-compound-sentences-a65463#ixzz1E2tsLBiM

And I'm in full agreement that, when in doubt, you should use a comma, but the rules have changed and now do NOT require one (if you look at my original post, I was arguing in favor of the comma, not against it; this new rule provides liberty that I will rarely use).
 
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Splendad

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Oh, and that "questionable" source you referred to or implied was such; that was Jane Straus. Here's her bio...

"
Jane Straus, Author/Publisher

Back in 1975, Jane was a 21-year-old undergraduate at the University of California looking for a job as a waitress. However, the Universe had other plans for her. One day, she got a call from someone at the State Personnel Board. "Jane, according to one of your professors, you can write well. Can you teach a one-day class in English to state employees?" Too naïve to decline, Jane jumped at the chance to go from Jane Straus, Aspiring Waitress, to Jane Straus, Training Consultant.
Scouring the library for a book that conveyed the rules of English in, well, plain English, Jane got frustrated. With little time to spare, she wrote the rules her way, made up some exercises, ran off some copies, clipped them together, and showed up for class. Little did she realize that she was creating The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation, which, thanks to the Internet 22 years later, has become a perennial bestseller on Amazon.
Jane has become a renowned life and relationship coach and is also the author of the popular inspirational book, Enough Is Enough! Stop Enduring and Start Living Your Extraordinary Life. She has been interviewed by national media such as ABC and NBC and has written for publications such as USA Today and Woman's World.

People often ask Jane how she blends her English teacher persona with her wit and wisdom in matters of the heart. Her answer is, "It's all self-help. Whether I'm figuring out a way to explain the use of a semicolon or working with someone who is suffering from addiction, there is a path."

It should come as no surprise that Jane's motto is, "Together We Can Do This!"
Learn more about how you can stop being run by your fears and start enjoying the extraordinary life you deserve by visiting StopEnduring.com.
 

Chase

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All this bluster is funny beyond belief. It's still typical straw man, an argument put forth to bait a showy victory. It's probably worked so well in the break room where staff sat in captive wonder that it was taken for spin here.

The reality remains that the notion was built on the option to allow the removal of the proper comma -- so ruled as such by the source defended windily by the same debater's fallacy). The option (not the requirement) is to remove a comma between short independent clauses. It was intended for special cases, not as a general rule of writing to apply to all compound sentences.

No amount of personal attack, sidestepping, creation of blurbs attached to posts, or going off on tangents will change the basic facts, though I do realize whole political careers thrive on establishing a sham to tear down.

Good luck impressing those more grounded in grammar here.
 
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Splendad

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Well you are entitled to your opinion and I'll leave it at that because I defer back to what I've said before. At this point, our last few volleys have done little to help the OP or curious writers. To those writers, I need you to just know that it is no longer a requirement to put a comma between two independent clauses that are short and can actually slow a reader down unnecessarily (that was the initial debate that got this rule scratched--there are references if you need them, including ones I have not yet listed) but some publishers/teachers/authorities will, no doubt, hang onto it a while longer. In my example sentence, I didn't break any current rule. And the rest of what I think of it is still under the post.

On a personal note, telling a person they are wrong when they aren't, and when they are trying to help other writers, is just not the best we can do. We can do better than that around here. Don't you think?