Gibson vs. Fender is the electric guitar world's version of the muscle car fan debate of Ford vs. Chevy. The Gibsons, especially the Les Paul model, appear to be more popular in heavy metal, as used by AC/DC. Fender is used by lots of people. The Stratocaster is the most popular guitar model of all time, played by
a long parade of stars starting with Buddy Holly. Gibson guitars have a long history with acoustic guitars and other stringed instruments (their mandolins are the standard for bluegrass playing), whereas Fender started out its business making electric guitars.
When you see an "electric guitar" drawn by an artist or cartoonist, it's almost always either the
Les Paul shape (roughly like an acoustic guitar, three tuning pegs on each side of the peghead, and a solid body with the acoustic guitar shape but with a "cutaway" on the bottom side where the neck and body attach, for easier fingering high on the fretboard) or the
Stratocaster shape (all the tuning pegs on top of the peghead, and the double-cutaway body shape with the top "horn" longer than the bottom).
Archtop hollowbody electrics, especially the Gibson ES335, are widely used in jazz (think
George Benson), but whenever I've seen the "real thing" in a guitar store it was always several thousand dollars.
And yes, the Fender Telecaster does indeed have a bright, twangy sound, and because of that it appears to have been rather popular among country music guitarists decades ago. Now country music is (at least as far as the guitars used) much like rock and R&B of decades ago, so Stratocasters and Les Pauls are the popular electric models. I've got a two-lipstick-pickup Silvertone-by-Danelectro that outspanks a Tele for a bright sound.
There are many "clone" models of the Les Paul and Strat models made by other companies, usually outside the USA and imported, that vary both in quality and price.
Get a used $99 Strat clone. I've seen Squier Strats (made by Fender - an unofficial Strat guide says it has the same sound as a "real" Strat) in pawn shops for that much. If only decent amps were that cheap ...
Speaking of Squier, I think I just saw
my next guitar.