What do you call this device?

What do you call this: It's like a flashback, but the protagonist or viewpoint character relives the same scene over and over again, revealing slightly different things to the reader each time. At first, barely anything is revealed. Gradually more and more of the scene is described, until finally we have the whole story. The reader gets the idea that this scene is primarily responsible for shaping the character, and they stay hungry to find out more in each iteration. When we find out how the flashback scene really ends, or what it really means, it explains the story of the novel or it explains the arc of the character.

Examples: In Catch-22, Yossarian has a bunch of different flashbacks to one scene, Snowden's death, each one telling slightly more than the last. In this case, it's somewhat along the lines of reliving trauma in PTSD, though Heller wouldn't have called it that.

In Gateway, by Fred Pohl, the protagonist keeps retelling his fateful last voyage. His therapist wants him to talk about it, but we don't hear the whole story until the end because the protagonist doesn't want to talk about it. At the point we find out what happened to him, we realize why the character is who he is.

In Light, by M. John Harrison, two very traumatized protagonists with amnesia are having different flashbacks to a scene in childhood. We gradually realize that the scenes are the same and the characters used to interact with one another.

There are lots of other examples I am certain. Anyone know what you call this device? Any advice for writing it well? Any other good examples of it to check out? Thanks!

I don't think it's a montage. It's not quite the Rashomon thing either. Let me try to give a better example. We have Tortured Protagonist trying to earn her zoology PhD. Something is terribly wrong with her but we don't really know why. On page 20 she thinks back to that terrible day when her fifth grade class went to the zoo. The reader is dying to know what happened. On page 43 she remembers the mocking laughter of the chimpanzees in the monkey house with a shudder. On page 77 we reiterate the fact that trauma occurred in childhood at the zoo, primates were involved, and we further learn of our protagonist's crippling fear of bananas. Page 103 we get a full narration of the story, up to the point where she dares her best friend Billy to taunt the silverback gorilla with a banana from his lunch. By now the reader is chomping at the bit. Finally the payoff on page 137 as we find out that poor Billy was dismembered by the gorilla as our MC looks on in horror. When our MC isn't having these flashbacks to one scene, she is busy doing animal research, dating hunky zoologists, uncovering black market exotic animal trading, etc, and having an overall story arc, of which the remembered scene is one important part. Is there a specific name for revealing the back story bit by bit like this? (No, I am not writing a novel about a traumatized zoologist.)

But...but...it's a thing! It HAS to have a name! <sulks>