Writing with Present Tense

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Makai_Lightning

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I've been curious about the use of present tense in writing. It doesn't get used too much, which generally makes sense. Most stories are about things that have already happened (or we'll say they alreay happened, even if it's not real). They are complete events strung together, rather than things unfinished.

But what I was thinking about was, for instance, how in conversation, we tell things that happened in the past with present tense. Not always, only sometimes, but people, myself included, do. It's probably why when writing in 1st person, people (myself included, though I get better at it after I settle into it) tend to switch back and forth in tenses. But anyway, if in the sense that hearing someone tell us a story in present tense can be understood as a past event, then shouldn't it be the same sort of thing in writing?

From where I was playing with present tense, my writing seemed more fast paced and immidiate, and I liked the effect because it created a nice sense of urgency, and it can create a sense of continueing action. I wouldn't say that people should use present tense all the time, but it doesn't seem to flow too bad. It is different and would probably need a slightly different approach, but I can see where it would be useful. It seemes to me it could be used more, because I don't see it used much.

My inner musings also led me to remember a book discussion I had about A Thousand Splended Suns. One person brought up how they noticed in the latter portion of the book that in some of the dialogue, instead of "said" it said "says," and went into his analysis about what it meant for the book, and how he thought it implied a few of the statmenents were ongoing things for the character that had continueing significance. For all I know, it was just a mistake, but it did make me think a little. Even if it wasn't purposeful, as long as the readers believe it was done for a purpose, it would therefore mean something. So then, I went off thinking about what kind of things you could imply with use of present tense, provided it made sense to use it. I can't honestly remember exactly, but I think one thing my friend was saying with regards to A Thoudand Splendid Suns was that it seems to progressively use more present tense (I could be clearly wrong here, as I honestly don't know nor own the book, but whether or not it's correct had me thinking). Possibly, if it continually moved toward using more present tense, it could create a sense of moving closer toward the present. For the record, I don't think it was used too much in the book at all, so at this point I've reached over analysis, but it's part of what I do. I don't have the book to check it anyway, but this line of thought entertains me.

As a naturally curious individual, I was wondering what others had to think about it. How well does 1st person present tense work compared to 3rd person present tense, if, by your opinion, at all? Have you used it? To what effect? Sorry if somewhere this was discussed to death before, but it interests me.
 

elissa

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My first novel (I feel compelled to point out here that it is not published, or even agented, at this point) is in first person present tense, except for a few flashbacks in first-person past. It's women's fiction, sort of literary-like. I used it on purpose because I wanted the story to feel like it was unfolding in the moment. It frustrated me once or twice, and I actually converted much of the novel into past tense at one point and didn't like it at all. The thing that would frustrate me most was the fact that it was hard to pass time quickly...so to get around that I would start a new section of the book whenever a significant amount of time passed. Otherwise, it felt kind of more...poetic? I don't know. I've also used it for short stories, where you don't have that issue as much with the pacing getting bogged down in the details of minute by minute.
 

maestrowork

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My first novel was written in first person, present tense. I agree that it adds certain urgency to the story. But it also depends on the story.

Mine is a journey story, and the readers are going along with the ride. They're just as much in the dark as the protagonist is, and also the protagonist changes through the progression of the story and the narrative voice changes as well because of that. As the story unfolds, the narrator learns more about what's going on and what's changing within himself. I simply felt present tense is the right approach for that kind of a story. It's also contemporary and conversational -- much like posts on bulletin board, people tend to speak in present tense when Again, communicating with others... There's certain immediacy (not necessary "real time" as many people assert that present tense means it's happening as you read!) and urgency and extreme intimacy. I don't think you can get as close to the narrator as you would with first person/present.

Again, I think it really depends on the story. It's just another tool in the writer's tool box. We must look at these tools and see what make the best sense for the stories we're telling. My current WIP is in 3rd limited. It makes sense.

Present tense is not as rare and you may think -- but I generally think it works better with first person. Fight Club, for example, is an excellent example of how a first person/present tense story would work. The Time Traveler's Wife is another -- it almost had a "diary" feel to the narration. (check out mine, too -- The Pacific Between. ;) Shameless plug intended).
 
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miles

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The thing about present tense is that it has to be done well to work. It's not as forgiving as past tense. When done poorly, it really can be a turn-off to many readers. When done well, readers may not even notice what they're reading is in present tense at all.

Take the beginning of PARADISE by Toni Morrison:

They shoot the white girl first. With the rest they can take their time. No need to hurry out here. They are seventeen miles from a town which has ninety miles between it and any other. Hiding places will be plentiful in the Convent, but there is time and the day has just begun.

They are nine, over twice the number of women they are obliged to stampede or kill and they have the paraphernalia for either requirement: rope, a palm leaf cross, handcuffs, Mace and sunglasses, along with clean, handsome guns.


Anyone who picks that up and starts reading will most likely not even notice the tense.
 

Makai_Lightning

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Haha. Shameless plugging noted :). Never did read Fight Club, though I've heard it's amazing from several people. I used present mostly with 1st person too. My character's mental state was basically breaking down, I thought it worked well. No, you probably wouldn't want to use present tense for everything. It could get bothersome. But agree it's easier to get inside the character's mind most directly with 1st present.
 

Harper K

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I love present tense -- both reading it and writing it. I read lots of contemporary YA (young adult) and probably the last 10 books I've read have been in 1st person present tense. There's a big focus on immediacy in YA, and using 1st person present tense is a way to establish that sense of immediacy from the very first page. I suppose it's less "realistic" in a way, as it takes a greater suspension of disbelief to trust that the narrator is telling the story at the same time it's happening. I think the tense can be distracting the first time a reader encounters it (I remember hating present tense books when I was a kid), but as long as the novel's well-written, the writer will expertly ease the reader into the "world" of the novel.

My two favorite literary series are both in present tense, too -- John Updike's Rabbit series, and Richard Ford's novels about Frank Bascombe. Ford's are in 1st person present tense, while Updike's are in the much rarer 3rd person present tense, which is far more difficult to pull off than 1st person present, in my opinion.
 

Claudia Gray

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I think most stories "come to you" in a voice, which may (or may not) vary from story to story. My advice is to listen to it. If you are feeling the need for present tense very strongly, chances are that's right for your story. If you're pushing the story into that tense, maybe not.
 

Shady Lane

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I HATE when Ray mentions Fight Club before I do.

...


Anyway, I always write in present tense because I hate past tense. I've tried writing in past when I think it better suits the story, and when I finally give up and change it to present in the third or so draft, it's always far, far better.
 

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It seems to me like present tense writing is starting to become more popular, but what do I know? If you want an example of an excellently written book in that style, try Chabon's The Yiddish Policeman's Union.
 

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The thing is - many books are done in present tense - or at least portions- and often it's done so well the reader doesn't even notice- My novel is present tense and out of 1000+ emails not one reader mentioned it.
It is a literary tool to lend immediacy and can be quite effective- not to be confused with someone who has difficulty with tenses.
 

Danger Jane

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I love present tense. It's my favorite to write in, for sure. I like to combine it with first person to create a sense that when you open up the story, you're entering into someone's mind, edited for clarity. I want to put my readers as deeply inside my characters' minds as possible; tense is just another tool that can help a lot.

I didn't like present tense as a reader until I read a book that used it so well I didn't notice til the third time I read it.
 

maestrowork

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The thing is - many books are done in present tense - or at least portions- and often it's done so well the reader doesn't even notice- My novel is present tense and out of 1000+ emails not one reader mentioned it.
It is a literary tool to lend immediacy and can be quite effective- not to be confused with someone who has difficulty with tenses.

Exactly. No one ever mentioned "so your book is in present tense." In fact, some didn't even notice until I mentioned it. And some people even told me "I hate present tense" and they had no problem with my book. ;)
 

Phaeal

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My default tense is the past, with the present reserved for passages meant to have an intense yet distant quality, like brief flashbacks, dreams, visions and the like.
 

Hollan

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I used to hate present tense, until I realized the only present tense I'd read was badly written. All "I wake up. I get dressed. I eat eggs. I read the paper." To be fair that would be dull in past tense too. Then I realized I loved several stories that were in present tense and I hadn't realized it.

So I started to warm up the the idea. Then I started my new WIP and bang! The MC (1st person) wanted it to be present tense. I said "whatever you want" and he got his way. Now I'm loving it. I actually think transitions are more fun in 1st person present, even when large amounts of time have gone by. You're right there with your MC as it's happening, and since it's so internal it doesn't feel jumpy, IMO.
 

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The 3rd part of my novel is written in 1st person present tense - and I've modeled it on Bram Stoker's Dracula as it is in journal form like mine.
 

Makai_Lightning

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I suppose it's less "realistic" in a way, as it takes a greater suspension of disbelief to trust that the narrator is telling the story at the same time it's happening.
I've always understood that point of view, but I personally question it. Why do we now accept an existanceless narrator telling us a story of these people over the (equally existanceless, though as a character it would feel less so) narrator for first person, telling in present tense? Not every 1st person story has to justify why or how the narrator is telling the story to the audience, though some do, but it's almost always accepted. You can go the diary/journal route, or you can set something up like Dean Koontz did with Odd Thomas and say it was the narrator writing a manuscript, but it's not really essential. If there's equally no context for 1st person past tense, why should we technically need one for 1st present? Especially when its how people can naturally talk to each other? I simply don't think it's necessary to try to be "realistic," although it is sometimes nice.

This is great news! I've read so much negative about the use of present tense that I've been forcing myself to write in past tense.
Am I going to switch my current WIP over to present tense even though I'd originally started out writing it in present and switched it to past? Possibly.
It works better in present and it gives me something to get excited about as I've been struggling with regaining the excitement I once felt for this WIP these past few weeks.
Thanks guys.
Yeah, I've always heard people who hated present tense complain too, though I personally have generally liked it. My default writing style is 3rd person, past tense, but I like using different toys where effective. I'm glad you're excited for your new project again. For one thing I was working on, I remember it felt like it was dragging on, then I switched to present tense and it picked up perfectly. I wrote like, 3000 words just because it fit so well and it just felt so perfect.
 

Phaeal

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This is great news! I've read so much negative about the use of present tense that I've been forcing myself to write in past tense.
Am I going to switch my current WIP over to present tense even though I'd originally started out writing it in present and switched it to past? Possibly.
It works better in present and it gives me something to get excited about as I've been struggling with regaining the excitement I once felt for this WIP these past few weeks.
Thanks guys.

Hey, anything will work if it works. I think people are slowly getting over their prejudice against the present tense in fiction, but caveat scriptor: There are those who hate it with a passion and are biased against anything written in it. Some of those people are agents and editors.

If the present tense excites you, go for it. It'll help you finish, and it may be just what the work needed. If not, you can change it in a second draft.
 

SPMiller

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I know a lot of folks who will claim to hate present tense, but will often point out my work as an exception. Based on how many exceptions there seem to be, I'm starting to wonder if people who claim to hate present are lying.

But then, I'm nuts enough to prefer first present to the traditional third past...
 

scheherazade

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Present tense actually seems pretty trendy these days. Fight Club is mentioned above, but Palahniuk steals his style pretty directly from Amy Hempel, who writes a lot of ultra-short stories involving present tense. Not a lot of plot, necessarily, but present tense galore. A lot of literary writers, in particular, seem to use present tense these days, but I'm pretty sure it's used even in chick lit (if I remember correctly, I think the Shopaholic novels are even written in present tense, which sort of makes sense because they're about an impulsive woman who shops to make herself feel happy now, without regard for how she's going to pay for it later... hence the regret-free present tense).

You're definitely right about the immediacy of present tense. I've had writing teachers who recommend the tense for that very reason, because it can make action seem more pressing (the hero could truly be in peril, if he/she isn't necessarily "living to tell the tale"). It's also great for YA books, as mentioned above, because teenagers in particular like to think about the world immediately around them. By the same token, it's a fitting style to write in these days in North America, because our culture really is about the now, satisfying our current needs, rather than looking backward. But who knows... maybe with the environmental movement we'll start to see more future-tense stories? Er, I hope not. :)

Like deciding whether to use first or third person, you can play with tense to decide how you want your reader to be affected by your story. With first person, readers tend to feel more akin with the protagonist, whereas third person maintains more boundaries between reader and character. So by the same token, you can decide whether you want your reader to feel more in the heat of things with present tense, or more contemplative in past tense.
 

firehorse

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KrystalR said:
This is great news! I've read so much negative about the use of present tense that I've been forcing myself to write in past tense.
Same here, though I make myself write in past tense (and third person) as a writing exercise.

Fight Club is one of my favorite books, in part because I feel like I'm on the journey with the narrator. Mariette in Ecstasy also uses present tense very effectively.
 

maestrowork

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I suppose it's less "realistic" in a way, as it takes a greater suspension of disbelief to trust that the narrator is telling the story at the same time it's happening.

To me, that's just silly. Plus does that mean the omniscient narrator really is a god? Or that we actually can get inside other people's mind (3rd limited)? Or everything has to have happened before we can tell the story?

It's a literary device. That's all. It has nothing to do with whether the story is happening in "real time."
 

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To me, that's just silly. Plus does that mean the omniscient narrator really is a god? Or that we actually can get inside other people's mind (3rd limited)? Or everything has to have happened before we can tell the story?

It's a literary device. That's all. It has nothing to do with whether the story is happening in "real time."

Well, of course not. But this literary device can be used to create the illusion that the events of the story are unfolding in real time, rather than that they are being described after the fact by the MC or some mysterious entity. All narrative voices and tenses require a suspension of disbelief, but perhaps it's easier for some to make than others?
 

maestrowork

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good point. if people can suspend their disbelief that a) the narrator is a god or b) we can get into other people's minds or c) dragons really exist, then why is it difficult to believe, yeah, the story is happening right now? ;)
 

Makai_Lightning

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good point. if people can suspend their disbelief that a) the narrator is a god or b) we can get into other people's minds or c) dragons really exist, then why is it difficult to believe, yeah, the story is happening right now? ;)
I tend to agree with this idea, as I think I said before.

It's all a form of telling a story or entertainment. I'm going to guess a lot of people who want to be entertained won't be poking around wondering why something can't be taking place in the moment rather than "far far away in a distant land, far into the future," or "long long ago." Unless it's non-fiction, none of the worlds exist anyway.
 
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