please help with commas

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JamesAllen

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The following sentences illustrate some problems I'm having determining where to put commas with regard to sentences containing dialogue. I've googled and asked other people, but I keep getting different answers. :/ I even looked in some of the novels I've been reading. Scott Fitzgerald doesn't tend to put the commas in. Terry Pratchett does. <g>
I thought you guys might have a good enough handle on this stuff to help me. There must be a particular rule about it, isn't there?

"This is the way to the park," he said, and took my hand before we crossed the street.

"This is the way to the park," he said and took my hand before we crossed the street.

"I'll have some more," he said, around a mouthful of salad.

"I'll have some more," he said around a mouthful of salad.

"I don't hear it," he said, as he drew nearer.

"I don't hear it," he said as he drew nearer.

"I'm starting over at the top," he said, when he realized no one had been listening to a word of his speech.

"I'm starting over at the top," he said when he realized no one had been listening to his speech.

"Damn," he said, and grimaced.

"Damn," he said and grimaced.

"Go ahead and laugh," Joe said and caught Sue's smile as she hid behind the newspaper.

"Go ahead and laugh," Joe said, and caught Sue's smile as she hid behind the newspaper.

Does sentence length make a difference? If it is a short burst of dialogue or a short sentence after the "said", can I skip the comma? Sometimes it looks correct to me and other times, it doesn't. Even when I try to apply the "natural pause" rule.
Thanks for any help.
 

June Casagrande

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Commas are not an exact science. There are pretty clear rules, but there’s some leeway within them (not much, but some.)

Your correct answers are:

2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and reword 11 and 12.

* Use commas to separate whole clauses that could stand on their own as sentences but are joined with a conjunction. A whole clause contains a subject and verb. “… and took my hand” is not a whole clause because you’re leaving out the “he.” So no comma.

* Commas should not separate modifiers from the things they’re modifying. “… around a mouthful of salad” is a prepositional phrase postmodifying the “he said.” No comma.

* “ … he drew closer” is indeed a whole whole clause, but that “as” makes it a subordinate clause. In other words, “He drew closer” could be a whole sentence, but “As he drew closer” could not. So no comma.

* Ditto that concept for “ … when he realized.” This is a clause functioning as an adverbial (answering the question “when”). It’s modifying “he said.”

* “… he said and grimaced” -- same principle as first one. “… and HE grimaced” would be a whole clause and a somewhat disputable case for using a comma (i.e. the rules say yes but I probably wouldn’t, in part because the sentence is so short). But you didn’t include “he.” So it’s not a whole clause, so no comma.

* “… Joe said and caught” is weird no matter how you slice it. Raises issues of parallel construction. That’s one for the overhaul bin.

Yes, sentence/clause length can be a factor in comma choices, but when the rules are first carefully weighed.

In general, I steer people away from Strunk & White because it contains some obsolete and downright misleading info. But it’s a good resource for comma basics. A better one is the Chicago Manual of Style. But it’s more expensive. Check them out.
 
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