So, technically, you can list whatever versions you want under the same ISBN, the company that hands out ISBNs won't stop you. But you really, really, really, really, really should not. My academic librarian friend has run into issues when the book with the same title but different editions were under the same ISBN. So "Mike's Medical Terminology 4th edition" had the same ISBN as "Mike's Medical Terminology 15th" edition. And the 11th, and the 13th.... It was a huge mess. Some textbook publishers have their eBooks be the same ISBN as the physical book; this can be a problem if you need a textbook that comes with a code to do the homework online, which might not be included with the eBook. Different types of binding (hardcover, paperback, mass market paperback) are going to have different costs, and ISBNs are a very, very easy way for booksellers to manage their inventory. The different bindings (or even formats, like large print or audiobooks) are going to have different costs, which is going to be a nightmare logistically. You also don't NEED an ISBN to sell a book (look at a lot of self-published books on Amazon, they only have the ASIN, which is Amazon's own inventory number). If you just want to sell to friends or at a convention or something, the ISBN mafia won't break your legs. But stores (esp. big ones, like B&N) are probably going to require an ISBN to stock you. But if you're self-published, getting into those stores is going to be challenging for a lot of other reasons, too.
There are books that have different covers. The "SOON TO BE A MAJOR MOTION PICTURE" is one such example you're familiar with, along with books that have an embossed sticker on the front showing that it won some aware (I remember this a lot with kids picture books). There is also an edition of Harry Potter that has different covers for each of the four houses. The HP one is "collectible" or at least "customizable" so you can get the one that has your favorite house on it, but HP is also one of the most printed books in the world and big fans are going to want to buy additional copies because they are collectible. But since you're self-publishing, there's probably not going to be a huge demand for this.
However, that doesn't mean you CAN'T. One of my many book-adjacent jobs was working at a printing press; it's not the exact same machines that, say, Ingram Spark would use, but the same brand/product line of digital presses. The cool thing about them is that every one can be customizable, while things printed with plates all have to be the same. There have been books that have been printed with different colors, where each one was procedurally generated and unique, but the subject matter of the book had to do with math/algorithms and it made sense. It was an additional marketing point for the book, but no one was buying this book just for the cover. When you do do things like this, where every copy is unique, you need to program that in to the file you send to the printers, and the print job will take longer (and cost more). You will need to work directly with the press to set this up; I highly doubt this is something that you can just pick off their website.
So: if the covers are slightly different, you don't NEED a new ISBN, but if things are very different then you really should. You can have different covers, but you need to ask yourself what that will add to the book, and if it is worth the increased cost and extra time it will take to find a suitable printer.