I've been waiting for a good magic system building thread to pop up here.
So there's three situations you need to think of for each of the 4 forces: micro/quantum, macro/space stuff, and "regular world." The regular world is what we live in and is where "classical physics" applies, like how g is always 9.8m/s^2 and we can pretend air resistance isn't a thing.
Gravity is very, very powerful on a macro scale, but the weakest in the micro. It's the thing that we experience the most day to day, though, so for someone who doesn't know a lot about physics (especially in a pre-industrialized fantasy world) it's going to be most of what they do. If someone manages to get enough power to change things on an astrological scale, tho, they could crash a moon into a planet and kill everyone on it. Or they can escape the planet's gravity easily, making space travel much easier (or just aviation in general, which is a big deal in most situations).
The weak force is what causes radioactive decay. Controlling this means you can create nuclear fission and ionizing radiation. If you don't know what you're doing, though, you're going to kill yourself screwing around with this, so it's either going to be a very taboo section of magic or something no one knows anything about, since everyone dies doing it. (Maybe there's a false belief that all psychics have a very shortened life span or get this terrible disease, but it's actually because they're inadvertently screwing around with ionizing radiation. So someone who has psychic power but never uses it won't be effected by this).
The electromagnetic force is technically one but maybe in your world it's thought of as 2, again depending on how much they actually know about physics. It's technically the cause of things such as friction, elasticity, the normal force (i.e. its the ground pushing up against you so you dont clip into the ground). There's a LOT you can do with just those things. Friction is a huge killer of, well, most things, imagine no friction! Or very little friction. Not to mention electricity and magnetism as we know it. Magneto powers, Force lightning, all that good stuff.
The strong nuclear force is the strongest thing, and it's what holds atoms together (both the "basic" protons/neutrons and the quarks that make them). But it only functions at the micro level (like the weak nuclear force). But if you know how to do this, and not kill yourself in the process, well, you just solved scarcity. If you're able to take these fundamental building blocks of all matter and recombine them into whatever you want, there goes the value of gold! If someone really knows what they're doing they could make compounds and not pure elements, so things like minerals, fertilizers, sulfa drugs (antibiotic) (VERY important in a pre-industrialized setting).....so much stuff. IRL, there are several elements/minerals that are crucial for our electronics...but there's only 1 or 2 mines of them in the entire world. If one of those mines collapsed (or got destroyed in a war or something) then we are 100% screwed. So if someone could synthesize raw elements or minerals then they would never have this issue. So much of early history is based on trade of rare (for the area) goods, like rock salt or tin/copper. Diamonds are the strongest material and have so many industrial applications, and they're really simple, molecular-ly speaking.
So now that you have some really, really good ideas for what your magic system CAN do and HOW it works, next you need to figure out what people actually KNOW and BELIEVE. We were doing surgery back when we thought the four humors was a thing, and believing that stuff, no matter how wrong it was, didn't stop people from performing (and performing successfully!) cataract surgery or even plastic surgery. We were doing chemical synthesis when we didn't have a periodic table and we were preventing diseases when we didn't know viruses were a thing that existed. So the people of your various cultures can believe totally different things on how the world works and still do things, but those beliefs can also limit them. We thought that with a magic rock we could turn lead into gold, so many, many very smart people spent countless hours trying to figure out the philosopher's stone. Same thing with bloodletting. We can look back and think that they're dumb, but they had every reason to believe that those things were true because they didn't have anything to prove that it WASN'T.
So maybe there are some rituals or limits as to what is possible to your magic system...but only in the minds of your people. They can very, very easily do things that can kill themselves or cause huge accidents, what do the people who survived think caused that? What do they think can prevent it? What are things they do not believe are possible but actually are, and what are things they think are possible but actually not?
My magic system has different "types" of energy that are based on various principles of physics or chemistry (like the fundamental forces). Some cultures view magic as being from your body/blood/bloodline, so they don't consider it possible to draw magic from nonliving things (the fact that it "feels" different doesn't help). One culture is very science-y and they can do some amazing stuff but since they're "facts, not feelings" they can't do things like telepathy or shapechanging. There's this one bird who wanted "more power" and she went off and researched....something, no one really knows what, but long story short now we have Chernobyl and no one has any idea why this magic is so poisonous and feels so different, so without an understanding of how ionizing radiation works things, uh, turn out interesting. But there's all that magic, just waiting to be used, there just needs to be a soul brave (or stupid) enough to figure out the rules.
If you want to learn more about people screwing around with powers they don't understand and the consequences of it, read up on the demon core of the Manhattan project. And those were NUCLEAR PHYSICISTS, who had a decent grasp of things. Or sticking radon/x-rays into everything as soon as we discovered them (fossie jaw, anyone?) Some magic/psychic scholars at the royal research institute don't have a snowflake's chance in hell to fare any better. Unless they make a deal with the devil, that is, but who knows what he might tell them, or even if what he knows is the truth :thinking-emoji: