It does seem there is less of a 'need' for some of the basic help with time, in part because we learn local wisdom (the bits we find most valuable among the myriad pieces of advice we're so generously given). We get past certain rookie errors. But also, we find other ways to learn and apply knowledge, outside of AW. (The advice to read read read--recommended by folks here--is excellent, and gives all of us a strategy that is independent and complementary of/to beta readers.) And, I think our confidence (which reduces some need for external eyeballs) goes up as our ear improves. Putputt said something along these lines on her successful recently-sold manuscript--that when she finished the first draft she leaned back and thought 'I think I have something here.' Her ear was hearing the quality of her work, and she was quite evidently right.
But in addition, I'd imagine you could also meet folks through conferences who are at a similar stage as you, and in so doing develop a mutually beneficial relationship. That's one possibility. You mentioned writing groups--these are very helpful for distinguishing serious 'career writers' from the folks dipping in for an ego boost. Everyone improves, and with luck the relationships go forward.
Sixteen beta readers gave feedback on that novel below. Family and friends, some from writers' club, and some from here and from Facebook groups and twitter. Of that massive group, many probably wouldn't touch anything I wrote ever again
but a few gave amazing feedback--and those are the relationships I hope will last. So for the current work, I need much less hand-holding up front--I really learned a lot on the title in my sig--and might only use three or four betas, truly when I feel the work is ready to go. But of those, I have a few new readers in my sights, including a friend here who has offered and who has never read the first installment, because new eyes on book two will be essential for me to know if it stands alone.
I think what you want are serious writers willing to give and take over the long haul. It's reasonable to expect that serious writers here will grow and experience success on roughly the same time frame, like a new group of cross country runners training together and finding their pace group among the larger group and improving their running times together. If so, if we are growing at the same approximate rate, then that would seem to bode well for a sort of 'class' of critique partners.
Good luck, and sorry that I went on as I did.
TL;DR Maybe conferences? (heh, but that's in addition to what Liz said.)