I've been trying to figure out some of these questions myself, and the only one that really strikes me as possibly relevant is the over 4000 percent increase in teen girls identifying as trans.
I ran across a very extensive article exploring all the reasons for this. It's interesting that F-M transitions are more often initiated during the teen years, while M-F are more likely to happen later in life. Lots of possible explanations, but each on is probably insufficient on its own. Note there are some confusing wordings in the article, as they use the term "female" in a biological or gender-assigned-at birth sense sometimes and not other times.
https://www.genderhq.org/increase-trans-females-nonbinary-dysphoria
Note that some of the goals of this organization are rather controversial, as one is to prevent harm from unnecessary medical treatments in teens. The spike in a desire for F-M transitions during puberty doesn't necessarily mean that many of these cases of gender dysphoria are not genuine. The data on the gender discrepancy are of interest here, though I don't agree that most kids who want to transition are making a mistake and should necessarily wait for a few years! The pain from going through puberty as the wrong gender also can cause great harm.
I agree that it is a good thing that some teens, at least, feel more empowered to claim their identities, though different social stigmas and parental acceptance of transition by children they thought of as "butch" girls versus transition of children they thought of as "effeminate" boys are definite causes for concern (to sum up, one point raised by the above article is that parents are much more likely to support a teen who wants to undergo a F-M transition than a teen who wants to undergo a M-F transition).
One thing not mentioned in the article re the differential support by parents: maybe it's because our culture still values sons more than daughters, so the thought of "losing" a son (or the perception of a child as a son) is harder for many parents than losing one's perception that one's child is a daughter? It's certainly a cliche, at least, that fathers want effeminate "sons" to "man up" more than mothers want their emasculate "daughters" to "woman up." The fact that there's not really a female equivalent for the term "man up" is illustrative here.
In any case, anecdotally, at least, I've noticed that while men tend to want boys and women tend to want girls, men seem to still prefer sons more strongly than women prefer daughters.
This wouldn't explain why more teens want to transition nowadays. When I was young, though, the concept of undergoing a gender transition really wasn't on the table at all, so teens who felt wrong in their bodies had to hide this, suck it up, or to simply be "butch" or "effeminate" and deal with the social consequences. "Sex change" operations were something cisgender kids mostly whispered and giggled about, and it was something most of us assumed were undergone by adult men who liked to wear women's clothes.
Since teens need their parents' approval for medical treatments, in most cases, unless they become an emancipated minor or a ward of the state (and the state supports transition in minors), it might partially explain the discrepancy.
It's wonderful news, at least, that the SCOTUS ruled that civil rights gender/sex protections must be extended to LGBTQ people. Gorsuch was a surprise there. Wish we could get a broad ruling that medical and insurance discrimination (and coverage for all gender-reassignment therapies and treatment) is also illegal based on gender identity, orientation, and biological sex, but that seems like a vain hope right now.
There is a local clinic in my city, which helps young people transition and which provides meds for transgender individuals. I send them money when I have some to donate. These services will need our support more than ever (though CA, at least, forbids insurance companies from discriminating--still, people fall through the cracks with insurance).
