I write erotic stories, so I think this is, essentially, what I do? (If I understand your question correctly.) In erotic writing, the senses and what's happening in a character's head are far more important than the physical. So it's using super close POV, so you're deep-deep in the character's head (including all the senses), filtering their experience to create the mood you want; it's word choice (blue vs aquamarine vs velvety midnight, for example. Much different moods.); it's sentence structure. A laughing, chatty character is going to feel entirely different from a quiet, watchful one. The setting is part of it, too, and how the MC reacts to that setting--what they see, smell, hear, feel (mentally) can deepen the way setting is used. Using all five senses--not as a one-off list (it's not uncommon to see the 5 senses used this way, like it's a box a writer feels they needed to tick), but as a guide to exposition and word choice.
I'm not sure that's creating a story out of a mood, per se. Perhaps it's more, writing with the two inseparably intertwined.