You asked for examples.
These are from my WIP.
He pushed open the latticed window, the bird held quivering and impatient in his hands. A hesitation for something resembling a prayer, a slow release of breath, and he cast his messenger and his fate into the wind. In a flash the sea silver was swooping past the low cliffs, was a brief flicker over the sea, was part of the storm-tossed swell, was gone.
There are two devices in this one. The first device is known as either zeugma or syllepsis, depending on which authority you consult. It's a figure of speech where one word, usually a verb, is used in two different senses, one literal and the other not. In the example above, that would be "he cast his messenger and his fate into the wind."
The second device is anaphora--the (deliberate, for effect) repetition of the same word or group of words at the beginning of successive sentences or clauses. In this case, it's the repetition of "was" in the final sentence.
Another example:
Ferociously envious of Willem getting to deliver those thirty lashes, Darric made his way to his own bed and blessed oblivion.
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Blessed oblivion lasted all too brief a time before he was awake and sitting bolt upright. His sleep had been black and dreamless, but part of his brain had remained busy in some unnoticed corner, piecing together disconnected bits of information like a child stringing beads on a necklace and then rudely dragging him out of his slumber to show off its progress. The result was disturbing enough to propel him out of bed and back into his clothes, cursing under his breath.
Repeating a word or phrase (in this case, "blessed oblivion") at the end of one sentence and the beginning of the next is known as epanalepsis. There is also an extended metaphor (his subconscious as a child stringing beads and then showing them off) and a touch of personification (giving his brain human characteristics).
Here's one that I don't know the name for (or if there is one), but it involves putting the modifying adjective after the noun instead of before:
He dreamed that his mind was a matrix of crystals grown within his skull. Each diamond-clear structure held a memory, his whole life reflected in moments bright and moments dark.
And the repetition of "moments" is, like above, anaphora.
I found another longish passage (about 400 words), describing a powerful, emotional moment of revelation, that contains several forms of rhetorical repetition, but that's probably overkill to post here unless you think it would be helpful.
I never plan these things when I'm writing, but I'm now more aware of them--what they are, what effect they create--after the fact.
