I'm neurodivergent/disabled, two groups that also get used in the "token character being hurt as a shortcut for MC's growth" manner with some frequency, so my advice is extrapolated from that. That said, for all that there are some shared general tendencies when it comes to this specific issue, it's not the same thing as being POC (which I'm not), so if any of my advice contradicts that of folks who actually are POC, listen to them over me, please.
I don't think the scenario you're describing is inherently problematic, but you're right that there definitely are portrayals of it that would be. Some advice on how to avoid that:
* Don't make Adelaide's pain all about Carlee. That is, it's caused by Carlee's mistakes, yes, but once Adelaide has been hurt, the resulting harm exists beyond Carlee's perspective and frame of reference. It's not on pause whenever Carlee isn't actively thinking about it and trying to figure out what happened, and it can and likely has effects on Adelaide's life beyond her direct interactions with Carlee.
* Don't make Adelaide all about her pain. While having been hurt can and likely has effects on Adelaide's life beyond her direct interactions with Carlee, it's not a personality transplant; and additionally, unless the situation ends up being so severe she has a mental breakdown or includes injury to the point of hospitalization, she probably does more than Standing Around Being Hurt. It has an impact on her life, yes, but it doesn't become all of who she is. (And waiting for Carlee to come to her realizations also shouldn't become all of who she is and what she does.)
* It's important that Carlee learns how what she did hurt Adelaide, but don't have the validity of Adelaide's pain hinge on Carlee's ability to understand why her actions are harmful. The way Carlee registers, understands and interprets Adelaide's actions and emotions may well be seriously influenced by the degree to which she understands why her actions hurt Adelaide, so this might be a balance that's hard to strike at times if Carlee is your sole viewpoint character.
* As for the "recognizing, owning, and undoing her mistakes" part: the resolution should be more than just Carlee's guilt being assuaged and her vowing to do better next time/become a better person. "Concrete steps to undo them" is good, but make sure those include actual concrete steps to resolve Adelaide's pain and the consequences thereof--not just steps to undo whatever problematic mindset or other character flaw lead to Carlee making her mistakes in the fist place.
In other words, try to establish the effect Carlee's mistakes have on Adelaide, and what being hurt like that means for Adelaide--not just what having hurt Adelaide means for Carlee.
Edit: +missing word
