Sword/Weapon Etiquette

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TheIT

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This might belong better in Story Research, but I figured I'd ask down here in Historical.

In periods of history or cultures where it was common to wear a personal weapon such as a sword, what rules of etiquette were followed?

For example, would a swordsman wear a weapon when going to a tavern? When walking down the street? If staying in an inn, would weapons/valuables be left in a rented room or carried with the swordsman? If the swordsman is wearing his sword, would he set it aside if he wanted to dance with someone?

I'm trying to define the rules for my fantasy universe and am looking for real world examples. Thanks in advance!
 

PattiTheWicked

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Check your library for a copy of By the Sword: A History of Gladiators, Musketeers, Samurai, Swashbucklers and Olympic Champions by a guy named Richard Cohen. It's an invaluable resource.

Also, if you get a chance, look into background on the Japanese samurai and their sword etiquette. Everything done with the sword was highly ritualized and complex -- one didnt' just remove the sword and toss it on a table. They had very specific procedures for every single thing they could do with their weapons in every possible circumstance.
 

Histry Nerd

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[W]ould a swordsman wear a weapon when going to a tavern? When walking down the street? If staying in an inn, would weapons/valuables be left in a rented room or carried with the swordsman? If the swordsman is wearing his sword, would he set it aside if he wanted to dance with someone?

I'm trying to define the rules for my fantasy universe and am looking for real world examples. Thanks in advance!

Hey, TheIT -

It would depend greatly on what time period and location you wanted to base your fantasy world on. I'm not familiar with the Samurai traditions, but if I were to make a SWAG, I would say they would not set their blades aside for much.

In Europe, you could find examples to fit both extremes: some swordsmen would only remove their weapons to go to bed or church, and some would carry them only when they anticipated a need.

A couple of general things to keep in mind:
In the age of knights and castles, swords were big and heavy, so many knights would carry them only when they needed them for combat, competition, or ceremony. This means they would carry only a dagger and/or shortsword with their daily wear. But ceremony in this case might extend even to religious ceremonies, as knights (especially knights Templar) would often pray over their cross-hilted swords as if they were crucifixes.

As armor grew thicker and heavier in response to advancing weapons, swords grew bigger for a time to aid in penetrating armor. As that became less feasible, they became thinner, lighter, and more agile, the aim being to find the weak spots and joints rather than plow through the plate itself. Swords became smaller and lighter, which made it feasible to carry one as part of one's daily wear. At the same time, the rise of the middle class meant more people could afford to own swords, so wearing one became as much a statement of status as a matter of self-defense. During this period, gentlemen would probably wear their swords for just about any activity except for church.

To address your specific examples:
Going to a tavern: depends on the tavern, but I would expect him to keep it on. Remember swords have always been expensive; if you went to a bar, you would not put your iPod on a shelf by the door for anyone to take home.

Walking down the street: almost certainly, unless he had a good reason to leave it behind.

Staying at an inn: depends on the inn's reputation. If the swordsman thinks somebody might steal his stuff, he'll take it with him.

Dancing: if it's a big fantasy sword, I'd say he would set it aside. You would not want to knock a young lady's legs out from under her with an ill-conceived spin--bad omen for the rest of the evening. If it's a rapier, he might keep it on. Like I said, it's a status symbol; keep it on to impress her. And avoid spinning.

For what it's worth.
HN
 

Cav Guy

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Check Norse sources as well. The Vikings were very much a sword culture, with most weapons being named and often handed down from father to son.

Most of it really depends on the type of society you plan to model. My fantasy world has a number of different cultures, each with their own etiquette for swords and public weapon display. In the more feudal models, commoners were often forbidden to carry swords (or couldn't afford them based on the cost of metals). In others, carrying a weapon was the mark of a freeman and treasured as such.

Lots of variables. Good luck with it!
 

pdr

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And don't forget...

Not everyone would be allowed to wear a sword or could afford one.

In times historical it was like hawking, the eagle belonged to the king, the big falcons to his Lords and etc. down the ranks to the commoner who wasn't allowed to hunt with any hawk!

The law only allowed the King, his lords, their chosen knights and bodyguards to wear a sword,

The rank and file learned to use a dagger if they had money or a quarter staff, cudgel and dirty style street fighting.

Oops, crossed with Cav.
 

Croque Madame

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The first thing that came to mind when I read "sword etiquette" was of the arch of swords, seen at military weddings and balls. You might get some ideas by reading up about that.
 

Mr. Jinx

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Like the other posters have already said, it will depend a lot on the period and culture you are modeling your setting after.

In some cases carrying a sword could even invite trouble. If a group of toughs that were so armed saw you with one they might think you were up for a fight.

Like Cav Guy said, sometimes the right to even wear a sword was tied to your social standing.
 

TheIT

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Thanks, this helps. I'm aiming for a loosely feudal society in my fantasy universe. I've been using medieval Europe as a starting point, but I'm interested in other cultures, too, so all responses are appreciated.

My swordsman character just showed up in the story, so I'm trying to figure out how to deal with him. I need to keep track of when he's armed or not.
 

thedrafthorse

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Other sword etiquette:

Traditionally (as in, for millennia), people walking along wearing swords always walked to the left. This served a number of purposes: it kept your sword arm (your right arm) towards passing traffic, allowing you to defend yourself; it kept the sword, worn on the left, away from any would be attacker; and it kept the sword in its scabbard from banging into any innocent passersby.

Likewise, people wearing swords always got on and off a horse from the left. This kept the wearer from sitting on his scabbard--the sword would continue to hang neatly on the left side of the horse. To this day, horses are always mounted, dismounted, saddled, approached, etc. etc., from the left.

Because of sword etiquette and its related horse etiquette, horses and eventually carriages were always ridden/driven on the left, as well. Doing this allows you to dismount to the edge of the road and not into oncoming traffic. Of course, driving on the left is what is still done in Britain and Japan, so there are vestiges of sword etiquette in everyday, modern life.

(So, essentially, most of the world walked, rode and drove on the left until a bunch of farmers in Philadelphia and in France started driving on the right, but that's a whole other story that doesn't have anything to do with sword etiquette.)
 

TheIT

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Let's hear it for lefties? ;)

So if a swordsman is walking with someone, he'd want to keep the other person to his right, correct? If he needed to draw his sword, the other person wouldn't be in the way if they stood to the right?
 

thedrafthorse

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So if a swordsman is walking with someone, he'd want to keep the other person to his right, correct? If he needed to draw his sword, the other person wouldn't be in the way if they stood to the right?

Y'know... I don't know. Presumably a swordsman escorting some unarmed person down a road would have the unarmed person on their left to better defend them, but then they'd get whacked by the scabbard or by the sword as he's drawing it to defend them.

Maybe someone else knows?
 

Histry Nerd

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If a swordsman is escorting or walking with someone, he will keep them on his right. It's easier for him to protect them there--all he has to do is take a small step to cover them. It's the reason a woman still walks to a man's right, and the superior walks to his subordinate's right in the military.

HN
 

Histry Nerd

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Hmm. I don't know anything about that. If I were to make a SWAG as to how they are related, I would guess the reason the bride stands on the congregation's left and the groom on the right is so that when they leave the altar, she can walk on his right where he can escort her properly.

But that's just a guess.... Maybe Medievalist or somebody knows that one.

HN
 

Ariella

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Hi! Newbie here, sailing in out of cyberspace.

The version of the driving-on-the-left story I heard is that riding on the left hand side of the road makes it easier for a right handed swordsman to fight anyone coming from the opposite direction. On horseback, a sword would have more reach on the right, because cuts to the left mean you have to twist your body and run a greater risk of striking your own horse in the head.

By the time North America was colonized, people didn't really carry swords for self defense very often, but they frequently led draft animals on foot. Someone holding a rambunctious horse on its left side will prefer to walk on the right hand side of the road so that the horse can't shoulder him into the ditch.

Similarly, I've heard that in parts of the Philippines, where people still work in cane fields with machetes, it's considered rude and provocative to walk past an oncoming pedestrian on the left hand side when you have a machete over your right shoulder.

On the subject of medieval Europe, I know that a number of cities banned people from carrying swords around in the streets in the later Middle Ages. There are a series of fourteenth century ordinances from London stating that the only people who should be carrying swords are the king's guards, the servants of knights carrying their master's sword, and travellers entering and leaving the city. One proclamation from 1354 warns hostellers that they should tell travellers to put aside their weapons on entering the hostel. There's a good discussion about the London ordinances over here on the forum run by Schola Gladiatoria, a historical european martial arts group.
 

TheIT

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Welcome to AW, Ariella, and thanks for the info. Interesting point about the instructions to hostellers. Would they have a weapons check area like a modern day coat check?

I checked By the Sword out of the library this weekend and have been finding it very informative. Thanks for the recommendation, PattiTheWicked.
 

Captain Scarf

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If you're writing medieval work remember if you consult British sources that Britain fought several internal wars during the period so noblemen carrying swords would not be unusual.

Have you read any of the Cadfael books by Ellis Peters? They're about a medieval monk in England during the war between Stephen and Matilda (1300 and something). Set even earlier (just after the Norman conquest) is a set of books by Bernard Knight called the Crowner John Mysteries about the first coroner of Devon.
 

TheIT

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I read some of the Cadfael mysteries after watching the series with Derek Jacobi. Good point, maybe they'll give me some ideas. Crowner John sounds interesting, too. Thanks for the recommendation.

The world I'm building is a fantasy universe not set on Earth, so I can pull from almost any period of history as long as I weave the ideas into my world's history. I'm interested in examples from all cultures.
 

Ariella

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Would they have a weapons check area like a modern day coat check?

I'm thinking that they probably didn't. From what I've read, medieval inns weren't usually very large or complex buildings; they were more like ordinary houses with bed and breakfast arrangements. It's more likely that the travellers would simply have had to leave their weapons in their rooms.
 

Evaine

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In the House of Commons, the cloakroom area still has coat hangers that incorporate a hanger for the MP to leave his sword when he goes into the Chamber.
They don't like to change things much in Parliamentary procedure.
 

Captain Scarf

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Good point about Parliament.

The two yellow lines on the floor of the commons chamber are two sword lengths apart.
 
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