I need some way to jumpstart the panic on the mainland.
(drumming fingers)
Have someone on the bridge radio the beach; they're usually in constant communication with shore. You could also use satellite images, or a submarine that was in contact with the vessels in distress.
As someone else mentioned, battleships are no longer used. Destroyers and frigates are, as are various supply ships, etc.
If an aircraft carrier is involved, chances are there's a sub nearby. Carrier battle groups include one, if not two, submarines. Are the involved ships on a deployment or a training exercise?
As far as the mechanics of your scenario...the people on the ships are the only living souls that know what's up...that's easily 5000+ people (on the carrier alone) unless you've killed a LOT of them. Also, if it's the carrier that gets stuck, whatever manner of storm or disturbance got it stuck would probably do some wicked damage to a smaller ship. If the other ship is stuck, chances are the carrier can either a) contact the beach for help, or b) if all communications are down, they can sail back to shore.
Also, are you using a nuclear carrier (there are still a couple of non-nukes...the shitty kitty -- er, I mean, Kitty Hawk -- is being decommissioned soon, and I THINK the JFK is not a nuke, could be wrong)? You could use some sort of problem with the reactor -- a radiation leak, an explosion, whatever -- to expose a large portion (if not all) of the ship to dangerous levels of radiation, making rescue operations difficult. Anyway, just a thought.
That's enough thinking about potential ship catastrophes for me for one night...LOL...these kinds of things give me nightmares when he's at sea. LOL