Yes, is the short answer.
My mother's nursing textbook (British) has a section on vaccination, from which I quote:
"A vaccine is a preparation rather different from a serum. It consists of dead germs, or the toxins which have been obtained from them, suspended in saline solution; a vaccine therefore contains the same irritating substances as does a germ, but in a much weaker form, since in most instances the germs are dead before the vaccine is made. A vaccine acts as an antigen, a substance which stimulates the patient's tissues to reproduce antibodies."
It then goes on to describe administering vaccines, reactions, etc.
A General Textbook of Nursing, first published 1937. This edition, 1949.