I've done this for several of my self-published books, if for nothing more than to fix a few typos. In both e-books and print books.
I'm soon to release a sequel to my first novel, to which I didn't originally plan on there being a sequel. Before I publish the second, I'm republishing the first. Fixing typos, changing a little awkward wording, and adding a page or two of the second novel at the end as a promotion. Oh, and updating my list of "Works by this author", which has greatly expanded since I first published it. On the copyright page I'll add something like "Re-published in 2017 with minor corrections." I won't change the ISBN or ASIN. For my short story series, published as individual e-books, each time I publish a new story I re-publish the previous ones, adding the new one(s) to the list of my published works.
One thing I learned through this: Always add a couple of blank pages at the end of the print book, in case you want to add something later, such as a new book teaser. That will assure you that the tiny bit of extra thickness you would otherwise have won't force you to have to resize the cover. I realize the chances of that happening for adding only one or two pages is slight, but still....
Best Regards,
NDG