The mechanics of a medieval royal progress

Sera Trevor

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In my medieval era fantasy novel, I'd like to send my king on a royal progress. I'm using Elizabeth I as my model. I've done some light research, but I still have a number of questions.

1) The most important problem I'm facing is that I can't figure out where everyone slept! As I understand it, medieval castles and manor homes didn't have rooms the way later structures would. There was a great hall, the kitchen, etc., and then the solar, which served as the private apartments for the noble family. So when the progress came rolling into town, where did they put everyone? This article about Kenilworth Castle mentions "Leicester’s Building, a tower block of lavish apartments built specifically to house the Queen," but that seems like an exception rather than a rule, and that still doesn't tell me where they'd stash everyone else.

2) How many people would accompany the monarch? A few hundred? More?

3) How quickly was the progress able to move? Would they hit multiple villages in a day?

Any other details that you think would be useful would be appreciated, too. Thank you so much in advance!
 

Dmbeucler

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If you are using Elizabeth I as your example, she's several hundred years off of medieval. Renaissance structures were more complex. This has some basic information about Hatfield house where Elizabeth grew up: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatfield_House

The house has been changed over the years but the original that Elizabeth lived in as a child had 4 wings.
 

waylander

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Tents similar to those used on a military campaign.
 

hester

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Not medieval period, but the C.J. Sansom novel Sovereign gives a very detailed account of a royal progress (Henry VIII's in that case).
 

Sera Trevor

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Thanks, everyone! Ha ha, I got a little mixed up on my time period terms, but yeah, I meant renaissance era. No wonder my research wasn't lining up.

@Dmbleucler - thank you, that link is very helpful!

@waylander - I suppose the servants would be camped outside the manors, then? That would make sense.

@hester - Looks like my library has that book! That's very helpful. The history I've read is heavy on who went where, but not so much what it was actually like. Seeing it in a novel would be immensely helpful.
 

Usher

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Generally, everyone was evicted from the stately homes to take in the royal court. Her own cooks and servants would accompany her and do everything.
 

Deb Kinnard

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I'm more familiar with medieval usages than Renaissance, but when the court went on progress prior to 1500, the house's holder would yield the best room/bed to the royal couple. What other rooms there were would be assigned to court members of rank, down the hierarchy. Retainers or "household" would be slept in the great hall, on pallets on the floor, the house's own retainers finding floor space where they could. Lower members of both the household's and the retinue's staff would be quartered on peasants (after the Anglo-Saxon period) or in the outbuildings, particularly the stables.

HTH
 

benbenberi

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You may want to define the time & place you're modeling from more closely - the types of arrangements & requirements for a royal progress in, say, 10c Germany, are quite different from those of 13c France or 16c England (which are, also, very different from each other).

In the earlier medieval context, hosting a royal party for a certain time was typically regarded as payment-in-kind of a tax or seigneurial obligation to the king -- in some times/places this was a formal arrangement, only later converted to payment in coin. Markets and transport were generally not well enough developed until late medieval times to enable a noble host to easily supplement by purchase what couldn't be supplied locally.

There would generally be an advance party to ensure all the necessary food supplies etc. were on hand and available. And that nothing that might be needed was instead being hidden away.

Because, from the local perspective, the visitation of a royal household was functionally equivalent to a plague of locusts -- they would, in a handful of days, consume everything that was consumable for several days' ride in all directions, and then move on leaving a wasteland behind them. It might take a noble many months of preparation or more to accumulate the supplies for a five-day occupation. A sudden change in a royal itinerary could be disastrous. A prolonged visit from the king was an understood way to punish someone who needed punishing. Even in the 16c hosting a royal progress could bankrupt the host and empty out every granary for miles around.

As for sleeping arrangements - In earlier times, there would be few private rooms and very little furniture in a noble house: people sat on benches and mostly slept on the floor or very nearly so. By the Renaissance a noble house would often have a larger number of private rooms, but even those were generally multi-functional -- any room might have a bed in it and become a bedroom at night, while being used by diverse people for diverse other purposes during the day. And any bedroom might be used for any number of people, on the floor as well as in the bed. Upper level staff would generally have accommodation of some sort, rather more crowded than the lord & lady of the house. Servants rarely had designated bedrooms with beds of their own till the 18c: till then, it was expected they would sleep either in their master/mistress's bedroom (on the floor) or on the floor of whatever room they worked in: kitchen staff in the kitchens, stablemen in the stables, footmen & others wherever they could.

If a royal party arrived, they would take possession of whatever rooms & beds existed, and everyone else was bumped a few levels down in the arrangements.

The invention of "privacy" was a revolutionary change in culture, social standards and architecture in the later 17c. Until then, seeking to be alone was a highly suspicious activity, and very difficult to achieve.
 
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Sera Trevor

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Thank you, Deb and benbenberi!

@Deb - you've preemptively answered my question about where the people who get thrown out end up - thank you!

@bennenberi - yes, I had read about what a ruinous effect the progress could have on the hosts, which ties into my plot. It really does sound like a total nightmare.

The multifunctional room answers a lot of what I was finding confusing about some of the floor layouts I was looking at - thank you!

That's really interesting about the concept of privacy and solitude; I will keep that in mind.