White eyes.

Most people who are blind don't have white eyes. I think an injury could cause that but with modern surgery they'd probably be able to fix it most of the time.

If you "lose color" from your iris, it turns red, not white. It is, however, possible for a person's eye to turn milky. While not white, it's a lightening of the color.

A friend of mine had a cat with one white eye. The cat had gotten into a fight and been clawed by another cat. It kind of "scrambled" his eye - sorry for the unappetizing visual there. Perhaps the same thing could happen to a person?

Severe cataracts can look white, but a milky white, not like white-out.

There is a condition called keratitis that can occur after damage. It is an inflammation of the cornea, and f bacteria get in the wound the eye might scar over with white fibrous tissue.

(technically scar under, as the scars are under the surface).

I assume that before modern antibiotic and antiinflammatory medicine, this condition would be much more common than today.