I'm reviving this topic because I had some similar and related questions.
I'm looking for a nuclear disaster on a scale that can eliminate all human life, even those who have holed up in fallout shelters, presumably by starving them out due to the prolonged radioactive contamination and climate change.
If a nuclear apocalypse was that severe, how long would it take before the radiation dissipated to the point that agriculture was sustainable again? What plant and animal life would still remain?
I would think if it killed all human life it would kill all animal life too - their needs aren't too much different than ours. The deep sea stuff might make it, although the deep sea life feeds on scraps from the upper ocean levels, if all the life in the upper ocean levels dies due to radioactive contamination, then that leaves very little for the deep sea dwellers.
Insects also have a better chance to survive thanks to their exoskeleton, but once again we come to food shortage in the later years of nuclear fallout. If their are no new copses, flies have no where to lay their eggs. No new flies means spiders have nothing to catch in the webs. And then if it's a herbivore insect, the soil will be sterile for awhile so no new plants to munch on. I've heard some insects (some frogs too) can hibernate, although I'm not sure how long they can hibernate before they finally need to eat something. A few years probably won't cut it. And even when they come out of hibernation, if there's nothing to eat they'll still die.
As for plants, not sure. If the sun is blocked out, all life will depend on those seeds that make it, which would then depend on the expiration date on the seeds (no go if they expire before the sun comes out). Plus, the soil will be radioactive. The closer to ground zero, the worse off the soil will be.
The best survivors will be bacterium capable of forming cyst-like shells around themselves, like Anthrax - that stuff can last for ages.
ETA: I think your best bet, if you just wanna kill off humanity, is to have a biological disease that only targets humans and is highly contagious and deadly. Then gather up the survivors from that disaster and drop a nuke on them.