Style.com always posts the latest season's fashion shows, so it might be an interesting resource to poke around in. The stuff on the runway can be pretty
interesting for lack of a better word, and tends to take a season or two to filter down to the streets and chain stores. The couture stuff is usually one-off, and can cost upwards of several thousands of dollars because of the materials, hand-sewn nature, etc. The lines called "ready to wear" are more affordable (relatively speaking, heh).
Here are some names to get you started:
Shoes: Christian Louboutin (red soled, with heels mostly above three inches--~$300-$1k), Jimmy Choo, Manolo Blahnik (hit height of popularity with
Sex and the City, but still very much 'in')....
Quirky high fashion / couture: Alexander McQueen, Balenciaga (also known for their purses, the motorcycle line), John Galliano, Rodarte, Chloe, Hussein Chalalyan, Thakoon, Zac Posen....
Classic high fashion / couture: Chanel (especially their tweed jackets), Gucci, Prada, Balmain, Carolina Herrerra, Fendi, Celine, Dior, de la Renta, Hermes (their Kelly and Birkin bags average anywhere from 5-10k and are custom made; there's always a waiting list), Lanvin....
Hope this helps!