An interesting theory of Aspergers (and the autistic spectrum in general) is that it's about recognising patterns....or perhaps more acurately not always recognising them.
Problems are in 3 different areas...with a generous "misc" fourth catagory to catch the things that don't fit eslewhere.
Language is a complicated pattern. In theory, it's a literal way of using words to convey ideas. Being human though, we play with it, twist it and contort it to make it interesting.....especially writers. We talk about it raining cats and dogs when any idiot knows it rains droplets of water, clouds have silver linings when they're actually gray and sometimes we can't hear ourselves think even though deaf people can think perfectly well thank you. It takes a greater degree of skill....a greater ability to recognise patterns to understand colourful language than it does to understand literal meaning.
People are the most complicated patterns on the planet. Our tone of voice, body language and mood colour everything we say and everything we do. then we all have the audacity to be individuals and react differently to exactly the same situation. If you struggle with patterns at all then you're going to struggle with people sometimes.
So, if you struggle with patterns, what do you do? You might seek out patterns that never change. Maths has the decency to ensure 2+2=4, even if it's raining. Even at 2am when you're hungover, so you might find that easier to understand. Computers always do the same thing too and they don't have body language to worry about. Engineering and physics and chemisty are fairly safe too. you might prefer these things as they're predictable. If you want even more predictability you might try to harmonise your routine and use the same cup, eat the same food, wear the same clothes and do the same thing in the same way everyday.
Sheldon on The Big Bang Theory is a good and a bad example. He illustrates the routine and social side of aspergers quite well, but he's also thick skinned and bossy. It's not uncommon for people with aspergers to start out that way, but a few years of the world getting angry with them or bullying them usually produces anxieties, insecurities and even avoidance of stuff that doesn't work for them. You could write a Sheldon, you'd create a truer picture if your character didn't have such a thick skin or loud voice. It would be equally true to write a shy person with Aspergers who preferred to avoid arguements than win them.
The hyersensitivty falls into the "misc" category. It's usually pretty consistant, not variable from day to day, but it has the same qualites as background noise does for any of us. On days when I'm feeling under the weather or working to a tight deadline then people distracting me or a creaking door will bug the hell out of me. On a great day the last thing I care about is background noise.
Your idea of your character conducting "experiments" to see how people react is ok and does happen...but you need to balance it with their intelligence and anxiety. They will not deliberately do things that they know will lead to them getting emotionally hurt any more than I would.
There's a theory that says that people who are shortsighted are more likely to enjoy reading and become academics. It doesn't hold true but there is a nugget of common sense in it. people do things that are in their comfort zone more than they do things that aren't. The same "common sense" approach holds true for aspergers. They are more likely to be into computers and science as those things are more likely to be within their comfort zone, but someone with aspergers could be anywhere doing anything if they're comfortable with it. Their differences mean their comfort zones don't always gel well with other people.
For a better account than I can give google Temple Grandin. she's a highly articulate and intelligent woman who is on the spectrum but comfortable enough around people to share her experiences, and skilled enough to be able to share her point of view on the world in a way that those of us not on the spectrum can understand.
Craig
One, get to know people with AS. I know about ten people with AS pretty well, so I find it pretty easy... I think it would be really hard to capture a character if you haven't spent time with people with AS. You can always find good volunteer opportunities to work with special needs kids/teens. 
