Further clarification is still required. Are you asking whether an author has ever published a rewritten version of their own book? Or are you asking whether another writer can come along and rewrite someone else's work?
In the case of the latter, if the work is still under copyright, 'rewriting' it without the copyright holder's permission is illegal and the work is unpublishable. Although some authors do permit fanfiction, it's still unpublishable. If the work is in the public domain, it's legal, and if you're doing something clever (such as PRIDE AND PREJUDICE AND ZOMBIES), possibly even publishable. But you have to be doing something seriously clever to pull it off.
In the former case, I've never heard of an author doing such a thing, but I suppose it might have happened.