It depends on who sells the rights.
My publisher bought World English, so they get to publish it in all places where English is the primary language. (North America, UK, Australia). They then sold the right to a UK Publisher. That sale counts as sales of my US book, and the money goes toward earning out my advance. (This is where it gets tricky, so if I get this wrong, someone correct me please) There's a different royalty split for this type of deal, because I didn't sell it, my publisher did. So they get X amount and I get Y. From what I understand, the royalty rate for this type of deal is a tad better for the author than selling rights themselves (through their agent).
Then there are the foreign rights your agent sells for you. Those get you an advance (hopefully!) and royalty rates usually pretty similar to what you'd get in the US. The sale works same as a US sale, where you earn out your advance and then you'd get royalties past that. There are tax issues and all kinds of lovely legal stuff, but that's why you pay a 20% commission instead of 15% to your agent. She'll need to work with a foreign rights agent who handles all that stuff. The foreign rights agent also helps sells your book to those countries. (these two agents split the commission)
I think licensing is different from rights. Those numbers seem way off to be regular royalty rates, but I do remember something about those numbers when my agent was explaining it to me. It has to do with the publisher selling the rights to another publisher, as they're allowing another house to publish what they own, or licensing the rights. That split might be the split of the royalties, not the full price of the book. (This is the part where she kept losing me and I felt dumb to keep asking her, LOL.)