"Non-fiction novel" was a term first popularized by Truman Capote to describe
In Cold Blood, his account of a real-life crime written in the style of a novel. It's pretty much gone out of fashion now, displaced by "narrative non-fiction" as the term of choice.
Novels based on the lives of actual people are usually called "biographical (or autobiographical) fiction" when the person isn't an important historical figure, "historical fiction" when the person is. So a novel about the life of Abraham Lincoln's law partner is "biographical fiction," whereas a novel about the life of Lincoln himself is "historical fiction."
Another fiction-based-on-facts category is the
roman à clef, which depicts real-life people and events in a slightly fictionalized way.
Primary Colors is one of the most famous recent US novels in that subgenre.