Not one of my Roddy Doyle books has quotation marks.
One of mine does -
Wilderness, but that's a YA novel. I wonder if that made the difference? (I did meet the man a few years ago when he was the guest of the Guardian Book Club, but I didn't ask him this.)
As pointed out above, James Joyce hated "perverted commas" and used en dashes instead. I did once see a public-domain copy of
Portrait of the Artist back in the 90s (when Joyce went out of copyright and back in again, due to the limit being extended from fifty years after death to seventy) which did have quote marks. A Joyce fan of my acquaintance thought that was close to blasphemy.
The SF writer Hal Duncan (an avowed Joyce devotee) uses en dashes in
Vellum and
Ink.
Two YAs I read recently don't have quotes - Moira Young's
Blood Red Road and Annabel Pitcher's
My Sister Lives on the Mantelpiece. The latter sets the dialogue in italics, the former doesn't.
Apart from that, using en-dashes for dialogue can be a special-effect technique that some authors use occasionally - including me, in at least one published story.